List of spider species in the Moscow region – Arachnology

Photos and names of common inhabitants

The types of spiders found indoors do not cause concern to anyone. These are gray, black representatives of a large family, harmless, quiet. They hide in corners, weave webs at night, feed on insects, their larvae - moths, caterpillars, etc. Of greater interest are the wildlife inhabitants. They are found in forests, meadows, clearings, and gardens.

Steatoda

When people start talking about poisonous spiders in Siberia, they cannot do without steatoda. The description of the appearance is similar to life-threatening creatures -. But, unlike its relative, the steathod does not pose a danger to humans, it very rarely bites, and prefers to hide by flight.

Steatoda is called false karakurt. with black shiny color. There is a red pattern on the dorsal side of the convex abdomen. In young individuals it is pale and darkens as it matures. The average body size of the female is 2 cm, the male is slightly smaller. Long powerful chelicerae are clearly visible on the head. The pedipalps are more like another pair of limbs and perform almost the same functions.

Steatodes live in forest thickets, are found in houses, and penetrate inside through open windows and cracks in the wall. They are nocturnal and do not tolerate bright sunlight. During the day they hide in shady places and go out hunting at night. Their food is insects, often flies.

Black Widow

Dangerous spiders appear in Siberia when there is hot, dry weather throughout Russia. This species is poisonous, but non-aggressive. It does not attack humans, it bites only for self-defense. Almost never inflicts several bites at once; after the first attack, it tries to quickly hide.

The consequences of a black widow bite depend on the strength of the immune system. Some people get by with a local allergic reaction, while others experience a general deterioration in their health. For abdominal pain, nausea, difficulty breathing, diarrhea, and rapid heartbeat, take antihistamines.

Cross

Spiders living in Siberia are almost everywhere. The natural habitat is a forest, field, edge, meadow, as well as a garden, courtyard, and abandoned buildings. A small spider, up to 2 cm in size including the leg span. A distinctive feature of all spiders of this species is the presence of a characteristic pattern in the form of a cross on the upper part of the abdomen.

They bring many benefits by destroying agricultural and forest pests. They are active at night. At night and during the day they sit motionless in its center, waiting for prey. Or they hide in a secluded place, stretching out a signal thread.

Edema, swelling, and a red spot appear at the site. In young children, people with weak immunity, and a tendency to allergies, nausea, abdominal pain, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, and weakness occur. The condition returns to normal after a few days, bites on the skin disappear within 2 weeks.

Black fathead

Spiders of western Siberia with unique, bright colors. This is one of the few species where the male is more beautiful in color than the female. The cephalothorax is velvety black, the legs are long and powerful with white stripes. The abdomen is convex, red with four large circles. The spider is popularly called a ladybug. The female is larger, but not so beautiful - the cephalothorax, abdomen are black, sometimes there are yellow spots.

Lives in burrows, prefers dry areas and sunny meadows. Its favorite food is beetles, but it does not disdain other insects. The black fathead does not have an aggressive disposition; when it sees a person, it behaves calmly and quickly crawls away to a safe place. Bites in defense of his own life. Pain, numbness, redness, swelling, and swelling appear at the site of the bite. All this goes away within a few days.

Spiders living in Siberia do not pose a danger to humans; they bring many benefits by eating pests of forests, gardens, and fields.

Spider (Araneae) belongs to the phylum arthropod, class Arachnida, order Spiders. Their first representatives appeared on the planet approximately 400 million years ago.

Main families in the country

The territory of our country includes a variety of climatic zones and natural conditions in which many representatives of arachnids exist. Spiders in Russia impress with their features and amazing life, they frighten with their appearance and help people. Many of them are rare and are listed in the Red Book.

Wolves

The Latin name - Licisidae, is a representative of a vast species, numbering more than two thousand species. It has a gray, brown or brown color, an average body size of 3 cm, and has a “standard” structure. The wolf spider has no blood; it is replaced by hemolymph, a nutritious fluid that circulates in the body. In case of injury, the hemolymph flowing from the wound acquires a blue tint.

Licisidae is a dangerous predator and an assistant to amateur gardeners in the fight against harmful insects. Its diet consists of flies, midges and insect larvae. Representatives of this species are very cunning; in the event of a threat that they cannot cope with, they prefer to pretend to be dead. The spider falls belly up and lies in this position until the threat passes. They are semi-venomous spiders whose bite does not cause harm to health.

Hunters

Latin name: Heteropoda, family Sparassidae. You definitely can’t call a hunter’s spider a standard one. It has an amygdala-shaped body, 2 to 4 cm long, and very long legs, the length of which can exceed the length of the body up to four times. The longest legs are the front ones. Color varies from mustard to red-brown. The hunter is active at night and hides in dry branches, hollows and tree bark during the day. The maximum lifespan is three years, during which time Heteropoda is able to molt up to 12-15 times. The molting period is easily determined visually: the paws become very dark.

Funnel

The Latin name is Agelenidae, there are more than 1000 species. The funnel spider got its name because of its special web, which it weaves in the shape of a funnel or pipe. It serves as a reliable shelter and trap for other insects. Every three to four weeks the spider changes its location and builds a new labyrinth. An adult male grows up to 2 cm, females are slightly larger. The color is mainly brown or black. Agelenidae live in grass. They can be easily distinguished from other species by their characteristic, swaying mode of movement. Spider venom is harmless to humans.

Horses

The Latin name is Salticidae, there are about 6000 species. They are quite fluffy representatives of arachnids. Males and females differ in color: the main color of the female is gray or orange, the male is black. Each individual has a characteristic pattern in the form of spots and stripes. The jumping spider is an active daytime hunter. He does not wait, but acts: when he sees potential prey, he jumps and grabs it. The web is used to construct protective nests for eggs and as insurance during a jump. Because of its ability to jump, it is called a jumper and a grasshopper. This species is absolutely harmless and does not even bite on contact.

Cibeids

The Latin name is Argeroneta aquatica - silver spider. The only species of spider that can live underwater. Their peculiarity is the construction of underwater houses - tents, the dome of which they fill with air. Special hairs on the body allow you to form an air sphere and carry it with you under water. Among the representatives of this species of arachnids, equality reigns: females do not eat males. Silverfish overwinter under thick ice, in their houses or empty shells.

Diggers

The Latin name is Atypus affinis, a family of digger spiders. It grows up to 2 mm, has a dark, “earthy” color. The mole rat got its name because of the characteristic feature of the same name. The spider breaks a hole in the ground, up to 40 cm long, covers it with cobwebs, bringing the weaving out. Thus, a tube of web is obtained, the end of which is sealed, and the spider itself is inside and awaits the victim. If the hunt is successful, the web tube breaks through and the victim is carried inside. Afterwards the hole is “patched”, and the spider again takes a wait-and-see position.

Black widows

Latin name - Latrodectus mactans - black widow. The name of this species has become a household name due to the characteristic behavior of the females. The spider lives its entire life in the same web, which it impregnates with pheromones to attract suitors. Partners do not keep you waiting. The very first male to enter the territory of a dangerous female begins to “punch” her web to remove the smell of pheromones in order to avoid competition.

If the black widow does not like the groom or is hungry at the time of the meeting, the female immediately eats the potential partner. If contact is established, then the moment of eating is postponed only until mating. The body diameter of females is 1 cm, males are half as large. The legs of a dangerous spider are five times longer than the body. The color is black, glossy, and there is a “mark” in the form of a red spot on the abdomen.

They live mainly in the south. For example, in the Astrakhan region or Krasnodar region.

The black widow is considered one of the most dangerous spiders in the world. Aggressive females helped the species earn this reputation. In case of the slightest provocation and aggression, a lightning attack and a poisonous bite follows. Black widow venom contains a powerful neurotoxin. It causes respiratory arrest, severe joint and muscle pain, and cramps. Scientists have found that the concentration of neurotoxin in black widow venom is 15 times higher than that of a rattlesnake.

If you are bitten, you should immediately go to the hospital. The issue of providing timely assistance is a matter of life and death.

Steatodes

Latin name: Steatoda grossa. The spider is characterized by sexual differences: females reach 1-1.2 mm in length, while males are half as much. The color is dark brown and black. There are oval spots on the chest, pink-red in females and white in males.

Steatodes' favorite habitats are forests and bushes; they often coexist with villagers. Their love for “tree” shelters pushes them to be close to people. The crevices of wooden private houses and fences provide excellent shelter, and garden plots are the best place for hunting.

The web of the steatode is distinguished by its horizontal arrangement and large size, which reaches 1.5 meters. A spider bite is not fatal, but can be very harmful: it causes fever and temporary paralysis. Spiders are not aggressive, but you shouldn’t irritate them too much.

Knitting spiders

Latin name: Tetragratha. Individuals are predominantly gray in color, with a brown stripe on the abdomen, and differ from their counterparts in their elongated body structure, similar to that of an ant. The knitter's thin body carries long legs that can be folded in half. The body length of an adult female varies from 7 to 12 mm, of a male – 6-8 mm. The length of the limbs exceeds the length of the body three times.

The habitat is the area near water bodies and the sea coast. The knitter's web is directed vertically and is aimed at catching flying insects: flies, mosquitoes and midges. Representatives of this genus are absolutely harmless to humans. There are known cases of mass invasion of the species, as a result of which coastal and agricultural areas were covered with webs.

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Orb weavers

Latin name – Araneidae. One of the largest families of arachnids, includes more than 3,000 species. The size of an adult spider reaches 8 mm, it is brown in color and has a striped pattern on its abdomen. Orb weavers are distinguished by a rounded abdomen and dark color at the end of the legs. Despite its small size, the hardworking orb weaver is capable of weaving a web with a diameter of up to two meters. The most famous representative of the species is the cross spider. The bite of such a spider causes only pain, similar to a bee sting.

Ancient Kabardino-Balkarian legend

As already mentioned, there has long been a legend about monster spiders in this republic. Many people believe that in ancient times there lived

spiders

-cannibals

huge sizes. Their lair was located in a deep gorge near the Shauppopot hill.

These spiders, according to legend, lay in wait for travelers, lured them into their webs and sucked their blood. In the end, one of the great rulers of the Caucasus of that time gathered an army and went to this gorge. Many of his warriors died from spider bites. However, the monsters were eventually destroyed.

Is a karakurt bite dangerous?

At the site of the karakurt bite, a strong burning sensation occurs, the victim experiences rapid heartbeat, headache, sweating and vomiting. If you apply pressure to the wound, you can slightly slow down the spread of the poison, but the victim needs urgent hospitalization. To neutralize the poison, serums and combinations of drugs are used.

The poisonous teeth of a female spider can pierce not only human skin, but even nails. The bite of an arthropod is sometimes almost painless and feels like a mosquito puncture.

What does a karakurt bite look like: a small red spot appears on the affected area, which disappears without a trace after a few minutes. The first signs of a black widow attack appear within a couple of hours. This is why a spider bite is considered dangerous: a person can simply miss precious time and die.

Some time after the karakurt attack, the victim feels the following symptoms of a bite:

• feeling of aching throughout the body;
• unbearable pain in the lower back;
• weakness in the limbs;
• heart rate increases;
• nausea and vomiting are felt;
• lacrimation is observed;
• pallor of the mucous membranes and skin;
• acute pain appears in the abdominal area (symptoms are similar to an attack of acute appendicitis);
• panic attacks and fear of imminent death appear;
• there is an increase in temperature at the site of the bite;
• pain in all muscles.

Photo of a karakurt bite:

If the karakurt bite is obvious and the victim exhibits characteristic symptoms, the person should be urgently taken to the hospital for timely treatment. Doctors' help consists of administering antitoxic serum.

First aid for a spider bite

Not everyone can distinguish one type of spider from another, despite the fact that the colors and patterns on their abdomens are different. And they all differ from each other in size and length of their legs. However, often people begin to panic and simply do not pay attention to what their offender looks like.

1. The first thing to do is wash the wound with soapy water.
2. The next action should be aimed at preventing the spread of the poison. This is achieved in two ways: immobilize the affected limb with a splint and apply a tight bandage above the bite site, thereby reducing blood circulation.
3. It is worth applying a cold compress to the wound itself, which will also delay the action and spread of the poison.
4. Drinking more will also be a reducing factor. It will also help remove poison from the body.
5. In order to relieve painful symptoms, you can give the victim an aspirin tablet.

Having done all this, there is no need to calm down. It is imperative to take the victim to a doctor, even if he is a few kilometers away. The clinic will provide more qualified assistance and will be able to take emergency measures in case of complications.

Of course, you can add some more aspects, covering the question: are there poisonous spiders in Russia and what to do if you encounter them. But this information will be for specialists. Ordinary people need to remember that under no circumstances should they play and have fun with spiders. But you shouldn’t just destroy them either.

Arachnids belong to the arthropod animals of the Arachnida class, which differ from insects in the number of legs (8, not 6). They are widespread throughout the world, more than 42 thousand species of spiders are known, and some species live in the central European part of Russia, including the Moscow region. Spiders in the Moscow region live both indoors with people and in the wilderness.

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Arachnids are predators because they feed on insects. They first catch them using a web or other means, and then immobilize them by injecting special saliva, which is produced by the glands. Some species are poisonous, while others are completely harmless to humans. Below are photos and names of various species of spiders living in the Moscow region.

Social structure and reproduction

Photo: Argiope Brünnich spider

Females are ready to enter into mating relationships after molting. Most often this happens with the onset of the autumn season. It is after the end of molting that the female’s mouthparts remain soft for some time, which leaves the males a chance to survive after mating. However, this does not always help males survive. To lay eggs, females vitally need protein, the source of which can be a partner.

Before mating, males look closely for a long time and choose the female they like. They have been nearby for some time. When the male approaches the potential partner he likes, the threads of the trapping net do not vibrate, as when prey hits them, and the female understands that the time has come for mating. Males tend to “clog” the chosen female so that no other contenders can fertilize her.

About a month after mating, the spider lays eggs. Before this, she weaves one or several cocoons, in each of which she lays about four hundred eggs. After the cocoons are filled, the female fixes them near her web using reliable, strong threads.

The eggs survive the winter in these cocoons. Spiders hatch from eggs only in spring. From childhood, individuals of this species experience fierce competition for survival. The lack of food in the limited space of the cocoon encourages stronger spiders to eat weaker and smaller ones. Those who survive get out of the cocoon and climb higher onto various types of vegetation. They lift their abdomen up and release a web. Along with the wind, cobwebs and spiders are carried in a variety of directions. The full life cycle of a spider averages 12 months.

Features

Spiders have eight legs, unlike insects. The forelimbs are equipped with chelicerae, which are poisonous claws. Spider warts are usually located on the lower part of the body, usually in 3 pairs. Some insects also spin webs, for example, caterpillars, but the web of spiders does not break under the force of prey, because it is elastic. There are pairs of eyes located on the head, their number is often 8 or 6, occasionally 2 are found.

Digestion is of the extraintestinal type. For example, a praying mantis chews its caught prey, but spiders inject liquefying enzymes into the carcass. Once softened, they suck out the insides. Arthropods do not attack people or animals first; they bite only if they sense danger. If a spider falls on a person, it should be blown away, but not hit.

Males have bulbs on their limbs in front, which contain sperm for fertilization. Some males run away after mating and save their lives, others agree with the fate of the victim and allow themselves to be eaten. Compared to females, males live short lives. Spiders are caring mothers; they weave small cocoons in the shape of a ball to nurse their babies.

Poisonous spiders of the Moscow region

On the European territory of Russia and in the Moscow region you can also find arachnids that release quite toxic poison. It can cause not only discomfort to a person after a bite, but also lead to health complications.

To identify such a dangerous spider, you need to know how it looks and behaves in case of danger (data is given in accordance with the official identification of spiders in Russia).

Cross

Cross spiders prefer to feed on flying insects, which include mosquitoes, flies, bees, butterflies, etc. They hunt using webs. When the prey is already entangled in the web, the spider runs up to it and injects a special liquid, which is called digestive juice, because it turns the victim’s body into a partially digested state. After waiting a certain time, the cross eats its victim.

Cross spider

If the spider is well-fed, it leaves its prey in reserve, hanging it on the edge of the web. Crosses are found in mixed and pine forests of the Moscow region, in swamps, meadows and arable lands, as well as in gardens (rarely).

• the body is covered with a special substance and looks shiny, as if covered with wax (the spider needs this to reduce moisture evaporation);
• on the upper part of the abdomen there is a pattern similar to a cross;
• females are up to 2.5 cm in size, males are 2 times smaller;
• the cephalothorax has a “shield” on which 4 pairs of eyes are located.

The danger of a spider bite is associated only with the possibility of infection and probable individual intolerance to its toxins.

Hyracantida

This species is one of the most poisonous spiders in Russia, living in central Russia. Chiracantids settle among grass and shrubs, preferring the natural environment. By nature, they are wandering hunters who go out to fish at night. When the victim touches the spider, it quickly attacks her. The main diet consists of caterpillars, moths, aphids, grasshoppers and mites.

In some species of chiracantids, the hatched offspring exhibit the ability to matrifagy, i.e., eating the female guarding them (mother spiders).

Distinctive features of the spider:

• body size 5-15 mm;
• the body is colored in light brown, yellow-green shades;
• the abdomen has an oval shape, pointed at the end;
• the front legs are 2 times longer than the body.

After a chiracantida bite, a burning pain may occur, which then spreads to the surrounding tissues of the limb. Then the lymph nodes located in the bite area begin to swell and ache, followed by swelling and impaired joint mobility. Some people may have breathing problems. Local negative symptoms usually disappear within 12-48 hours.

Spiders of the Moscow region

Karakurt

These arachnids belong to the genus of black widows and are the most poisonous. The body color is specific: on a glossy black coat there are 13 bright red spots bordered by a white stripe. The female's body size can reach 2 cm, and the male's - 0.7 cm.

Such biting spiders are rarely found in the Moscow region, but during the hot summer season they sometimes migrate from neighboring regions.

A karakurt can attack a person only when there is danger on his part, for the purpose of self-defense. The most dangerous is the female, which is capable of biting through the skin with its jaws to a depth of 0.5 mm. Therefore, one of the ways to provide first aid after a spider bite is to quickly cauterize the bitten area with a burning match (within 2 minutes), which can prevent further infection.

Within 15 minutes after the bite, severe pain appears, which spreads throughout the body of the bitten person, then moves to the back, chest and lower back. The abdominal muscles become very tense, shortness of breath and rapid heartbeat, headache, dizziness begin, and the skin turns pale.

In Russia, antikarakurt serum and intravenous injections of medications are used to treat people after a “steppe widow” bite, so treatment is only possible in a hospital, after consulting a doctor.

In addition to the “black widow”, in the Moscow region you can also find a white spider, which belongs to the karakurt family of web spiders. Its body color is usually white or yellowish. Instead of the characteristic pattern, there are 4 indentations forming a rectangle; the paws are colored yellow-brown. White karakurts live in steppe and desert zones and are very rare in the Moscow region. The poison is less toxic and poses a danger only to children and the elderly.

South Russian species of tarantula

One of the largest spiders in central Russia is the South Russian tarantula, females of which can reach 3 cm, and males are smaller (2.5 cm). The chitinous cover has a gray-brown color, less often – red or brown with a pattern on the abdomen. The entire body and paws are covered with dense short hairs.

South Russian species of tarantula

Their usual habitat is steppes and forest-steppes, semi-deserts, where they dig holes that go vertically down 40 cm. Inside, the tarantula covers the walls with its own web. It waits for prey at night, sitting at the entrance. When an insect appears, it quickly jumps out and inflicts a bite.

The tarantula bites only in self-defense; at this moment it jumps high (up to 15 cm in height) and instantly pierces the chelicerae into the skin. Tarantula venom is less toxic; after its bite, swelling appears, and the skin turns yellow for a long period (up to 2 months), and some health problems may occur in humans.

When encountering any species of spiders in the forest or in nature, you must be careful and not try to touch them or show interest. This is the only way to ensure your safety, because an attack and a spider bite can only occur for the purpose of self-defense.

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Social structure and reproduction

Photo: Karakurt spider in the Rostov region

This type of arthropod is characterized by a high degree of fertility. Every 9-12 years there is an incredibly high birth rate of these dangerous insects. The mating season begins at the height of the summer season. Before the start of the breeding period, the female looks for a secluded place. The male lays out a web that contains special pheramones that attract individuals of the opposite sex. Seeing his partner appear, the male performs something similar to a dance. He sways from side to side, moves his limbs.

After mating, the female mercilessly eats her partner and begins to look for a suitable place to lay eggs. Once a place is chosen, she carefully weaves it with a web, on which she lays out the cocoons. After the mission is completed, the female dies. The cocoon reliably protects the eggs from damage and cold. If strong winds blow in the fall, they tear off the cocoons and can carry them far into the steppe, spreading the spiders’ habitat.

From the moment the eggs are laid, small insects appear after about two weeks. However, they are in no hurry to leave the cocoon, as they are waiting for the onset of spring and warming. During the first time they are in the cocoon, they exist due to the accumulated nutritional components. Subsequently, they begin to eat each other, as a result of which we can say with confidence that the strongest individuals emerge from the cocoon in the spring.

The growth and development of spiders continues throughout the spring and summer period. During this period, each individual goes through 5 to 10 molts. The exact amount depends on the amount of food and gender. Females shed more than males.

First aid for a karakurt attack

It happens that if you are bitten by a karakurt, you cannot quickly get to a medical facility, what to do in this case?

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If it is difficult to transport the victim to the hospital after an insect attack, you must urgently begin providing first aid on the spot:

1. The person must be laid horizontally and not allowed to make even the slightest movements. Physical activity will speed up the spread of the toxin throughout the body.
2. It is recommended to suck out the poison from the wound. If there is no special device for this, you can suction with your mouth. It is important that the person who will remove the poison does not have wounds, ulcers or other damage in the mouth, otherwise the toxic substance will enter the body of another person.
3. Apply ice cubes or a container of cold water to the bitten area. This will slow down the absorption of the toxin and pacify the pain.
4. When the bite occurs on an arm or leg, a loose fixing bandage is applied just above the affected area.
5. The victim is given an antihistamine to drink to prevent an allergic reaction.
6. It is necessary to constantly give the person plenty of liquid, preferably strong, sweet tea.
7. It is forbidden to comb the wound, cut it, and especially cauterize it, as this contributes to the penetration of infection into the tissue and the development of the inflammatory process.

Features of character and lifestyle

Photo: Karakurt spider in Crimea

This type of poisonous arthropod loves dry, hot weather. That is why their habitat region is strictly limited to warm, southern countries. Recently, cases of appearance and spread on the territory of the Russian Federation have become more frequent. Here they pose a serious danger to the population, since people do not always have information about their proximity to dangerous insects. Often, when cold weather sets in, they can penetrate directly into a person’s home.

They also cannot tolerate extreme heat and heat, and therefore, after the onset of extreme heat in some countries, they migrate to more northern regions. Spiders make their lair in inaccessible places - burrows of small rodents, crevices of concrete walls, low thickets of vegetation, and other places. The spider received its second nickname “black widow” because the female eats the male after mating. Moreover, this happens with each subsequent partner.

Scientists claim that even if, in rare exceptions, males manage to avoid the sad fate of being eaten, they still die, as they lose all interest in food and instinctively stop eating it. Karakurts tend to lead a rather hidden lifestyle. They can attack or attack only when they sense danger.

Bees

Bees are the true supermen of insects. They are equipped with a unique navigation system that allows them to navigate in space with amazing accuracy. Their visual abilities are limited, but to find the right path, nature has endowed bees with the ability to navigate by the Sun, sense the Earth’s electromagnetic field and remember visual objects.

Bees are incredible and beneficial insects, but they are also very dangerous. According to statistics, more people in the world die every year from bee and wasp stings than from snake bites.

A tumor from a bee sting appears almost instantly. Even people who are not allergic to bee venom develop redness at the site of the sting. Depending on the sensitivity of the body to the components of bee venom, a person may develop a tumor, an increase in temperature, chills and convulsions, dizziness and vomiting.

Bee stings to blood vessels, the head or the oral cavity are especially dangerous. It is highly discouraged to swallow bees; this can lead to swelling of the pharynx and can lead to death from suffocation.

It is important to know that if a bee stings, you do not need to kill it immediately. Firstly, unlike a wasp, without a sting, a bee itself will die, and secondly, a killed bee releases a chemical into the air, which will act as an alarm for its relatives

All spiders are essentially predators; among them there are also poisonous ones, which are worth knowing and fearing! In this article we will provide brief information about spiders that are worth paying special attention to. KARAKURT. The most dangerous spider in Russia, of course, can be called the Karakurt; it lives mainly in the south of Russia (for example, in the Crimea), but like other southern spiders it can migrate to other regions during abnormal heat. Karakurt (from the Turkic: “kara” - black and “kurt” - worm) is the owner of a very dangerous poison that can lead to death if help is not provided in time. A karakurt bite causes unbearable pain spreading throughout the body

Only a serum developed against the venom of these spiders can save the bitten person. It is worth saying that only female karakurts are dangerous, which can be identified by a mark on the abdomen made in the form of a red hourglass.

SOUTH RUSSIAN TARANTULA

(mizgir) is a large spider whose venom is not life-threatening. However, its bite causes quite severe pain and can also lead to allergic reactions and the appearance of a tumor at the site of the bite.

HEIRACANTIUM

- is the most poisonous spider in central Russia. Usually hidden under the foliage of bushes and small trees. Attacks when there is danger in self-defense. After a bite, a person feels burning pain, nausea, vomiting, weakness, body aches, body temperature rises sharply, and a headache. The bite site may turn red or even blue and, after some time, becomes covered in blisters. Symptoms usually disappear 2 - 3 days after the bite, the mark on the skin remains longer. If the condition of the bitten person worsens, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible.

SOLFUGA

- aka salpuga or phalanx. In Russia it is found on the southern coast of Crimea. These creatures are active at night and have a high speed of movement. They can bite in self-defense. The bite is not poisonous, but is quite deep and causes infection, as a result of which the wound begins to fester significantly. Therefore, you should suck out the bite site, spitting out the infected saliva, and then treat the wound with an antiseptic; then it is recommended to lubricate the bite site with a gel (ointment) containing an antibiotic. Well, don’t forget about the doctor; if possible, be sure to seek help.

SPIDER - NETWORKER

- belongs to the subspecies of the cross, but it is much smaller than the usual cross, and its web is more chaotic. The bite is dangerous not because of the spider's venom, but because of the possible infection, so it would be a good idea to see a doctor.

PURSE SPIDER

(bagworm) is an aggressive spider, you can stumble upon it in the Rostov and steppes of the Volgograd region. The bite causes severe pain, affecting large areas of the human body.

FALSE BLACK WIDOW

— Acute pain, fever, weakness - all this will last from several hours to 2 days! Widespread in Dagestan, they like to invade the homes of local residents.

BLACK FASHHEAD

- will also give a feeling of pain for about a day. This spider bites quite rarely, the main thing is not to pick it up.

ARGIOPE

- a very dangerous spider; an allergic reaction to a bite can provoke severe abscesses and even lead to tissue necrosis.

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Danger in Crimea: spiders to avoid

Of course, the most dangerous spider inhabiting the Crimean lands is the karakurt. As it became known, meetings with them very rarely end peacefully!

In second position in terms of danger in Crimea is . It is also called a centipede. This animal is not at all interested in humans as prey, but incidents of bites do exist. It is not difficult to avoid encounters with centipedes, since they are mainly nocturnal. When biting, the centipede injects a special substance, which is an analogue of gastric juice. It is this that causes inflammation, which quickly swells and begins to hurt. But these symptoms quickly pass, and the person feels as before.

You should be afraid of the ones that live on the southern coast of Crimea. Like centipedes, they are active at night. They differ from other arthropods in their high speed of movement. They bite humans only during defense; their bites are non-venomous. But you also need to be wary of salpugs: during a bite, the animal suffers a lot of infection, which can lead to serious suppuration of the wound. The bite must be sucked out without swallowing infected saliva. After this, it is imperative to clean the wound with an antiseptic and systematically smear it with a gel containing an antibiotic.

Argiope is another representative of arthropods that can cause harm to humans. The yellow-black coloration and body length up to 1.5 cm emphasize their resemblance to wasps. These spiders are interesting because the females eat the males. Argiope bites are quite dangerous for humans, since an allergic reaction can provoke severe forms of abscesses, and in rare cases, even tissue necrosis.

17 February 2015

Despite the fact that the territory of the Russian Federation for the most part does not have areas and climate suitable for the habitat of poisonous spiders, some of them are still found in the vastness of our Motherland. To avoid becoming a victim of dangerous creatures. Russia has a huge diversity of flora and, and its vast expanses are home to more than 40 species of arachnids from 32 families, for a total of about 1070 species! However, despite their attractive appearance, some individuals can be quite dangerous not only to humans, but also to animals.

The most dangerous spider, rarely found in Russia, is the karakurt, which is often called the “black widow”. The appearance of the arthropod is quite bizarre: the body has 30 bright red dots located on the upper side of the abdomen, the body itself is a rich black color. As the spider matures, the red dots on its abdomen disappear and it acquires a rich, shiny black color. This type of poisonous spider can be found in the Crimea, the North Caucasus, and the southern part of the Urals. After a karakurt bite, poison instantly spreads throughout the body, causing severe pain and poisoning. If measures to save the victim are not taken in a timely manner, death is possible. Moreover, only their females can be more dangerous than karakurts. If the bite of a poisonous spider could not be avoided, it is necessary to very quickly cauterize the bite site with burning matches and send the victim to the hospital as quickly as possible, where he will have to lie for at least two days.

Poisonous spiders are rare in Russia

Another no less dangerous spider living in Russia is the South Russian tarantula, which is sometimes called Mizgir. This arthropod is no more than 30 mm in size, reddish in color with a darker abdomen. Tarantulas mainly live in the few deserts on our territory, but sometimes they are spotted in the Oryol, Saratov, and Rostov regions. A distinctive feature of a tarantula is its black cap, which identifies it among its harmless companions of the same color. A tarantula bite, although not fatal, can cause severe allergies, and in people susceptible to allergic reactions, anaphylactic shock is possible, which can be fatal if not treated promptly.

The third place in danger among arthropods is occupied by the eight-legged Cheiracanthium, which, although quite peaceful, if it senses danger, it can bite painfully. Cheiracanthium has an oblong body of light yellow color. The spider lives in the North Caucasus, but is sometimes seen in Russia.

The web spider is one of the safest poisonous spiders, belonging to the subspecies of cross spiders, which got their name from the cross-shaped pattern on the abdomen. This type of spider belongs to the family of orb-weavers, which spin large, radical webs. The size of the web spider does not exceed 25 mm in length, and the body can shimmer in different colors. This spider, like Cheiracanthium, can only be dangerous if it gets scared. The venom of the web spider is practically harmless, but its bite can cause blood infection, so you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

When vacationing in Crimea, you should be wary of karakurts, meetings with whom most often end in problems. It is no less dangerous to encounter scolopendra on the Crimean coast, whose home representatives are simple centipedes. Even though the scolopendra does not consider humans as prey, its bites are not uncommon. It’s easy not to get caught in the path of centipedes: they are nocturnal animals. When a scolopendra bites, it injects an analogue of gastric juice into the victim’s blood, which leads to inflammation, swelling of the bite site and severe pain, which, however, quickly passes and nothing threatens the person.

All types of spiders attack when they sense danger

Salpugs, or phalanges, are also not uncommon in the Crimea, and together with centipedes they lead a nocturnal lifestyle. A person can only be bitten in self-defense; the bite, although not poisonous, together with saliva can transmit a lot of infection into the blood, which will lead to suppuration. Therefore, immediately after a bite, saliva must be immediately sucked out and spat out without swallowing, and then washed with an antiseptic with an antibiotic.

Argiope is a representative of arthropods that harm humans, has a length of up to 1.5 cm and is similar to wasps. The interest of these spiders is that the females eat their males. The danger of argiope lies in a severe allergic reaction, accompanied by severe forms of abscesses, and sometimes tissue necrosis.

The list of dangerous spiders living in Russia concludes with the Crimean tarantula, whose length is no more than 3.5 cm. The spider is light gray in color and lives in burrows that it digs in the Crimea. The Crimean tarantula attacks only when it senses danger. When attacking, this spider takes a pose in which it raises its front legs up, resting on its hind legs. Its bite is no more painful than a wasp bite, but in some cases it can even provoke fever, nausea, chills and inflammation of the lymph nodes. Therefore, the bite site needs to be treated.

A person often encounters spiders - this can happen at home, in the forest, on the beach or on a hiking trip. Therefore, it is advisable to know which of the representatives of the spider genus should be feared and preferably avoided, and which should not be paid attention to. This article examines what poisonous spiders live in Russia, what is the degree of their danger, how their bite threatens a person, and how to provide first aid to the victim.

Fish

According to ichthyologists, at least 50 species of fish are found in natural reservoirs of the Moscow region. The inhabitants of the underwater kingdom differ in their habitat, which divides them into 3 groups - river, lake-river and lake fish.

Pike

This torpedo-like predator grows up to 2 m, gaining up to three pounds of mass and living (under favorable conditions) for at least 30 years. The pike has a pointed head and a mouth full of sharp teeth, into which slow-moving perches, minnows and roaches fall.

Pike is so voracious that it is often not content with fish, but attacks any living creature not exceeding 1/3 of the length of the pike’s body. Moles/mice that accidentally find themselves in the water, as well as small waterfowl or their chicks, often fall into her field of vision and then into her mouth.

Tench

A bony fish from the carp family, which has a thick, short body covered with small, dense scales (up to 100 in the midline) and abundant mucus. The caudal fin has no notch, and the color is determined by the habitat conditions.

Lin tends to be reclusive and does not like to move much. The fish often stands among the thickets, almost at the bottom, hiding there from the bright light. Preys on bottom invertebrates - mollusks, insect larvae and worms.

Common bream

Also known as eastern or Danube bream. The young of the species are called breams. The bream has a high body, up to about a third of its length, where there is a scaleless keel located between the ventral and anal fins. The bream's mouth and head are relatively small, and the former ends in a retractable tube.

These are cautious and quite savvy fish that prefer a collective existence. They live in compact groups, usually in deep water where there is a lot of vegetation.

Medium poisonous spiders

The bite of such arthropods is not fatal, but can cause trouble in the form of swelling of the limbs and a painful bite site. These types include:

• banana;
• tarantulas;
• spider sak;
• wasp spider

The bites of these animals cause local irritation. With a very large dose of poison, swelling of the limb is possible.

Banana

Large arboreal orb-weaving spiders that spin the largest webs. They have several names:

• banana spider;
• giant tree spider;
• golden weaver.

Large tree orb weaving spiders

Body length 1-4 cm. Paw span 12 cm. Poison is not fatal to humans. A spider bite causes a local allergic reaction: burning, blistering, redness of the bite site. Symptoms disappear within 24 hours.

Tarantulas

They belong to the wolf spider family. The most famous are two species: the South Russian and Apulian tarantula. The common name for the South Russian tarantula is Mizgir spider. Large arthropods that do not weave trapping nets. They are nocturnal, attacking small invertebrates and other spiders. During the day they hide in vertical holes with a diameter of 1-1.5 cm and a depth of up to 0.6 m. The animals have a gray protective color. The abdomen is covered with bristles. Paws of medium length.

Tarantulas

Distributed in the southern dry steppes of the Eurasian continent. Tarantulas are especially poisonous in the spring after hibernation, before they have had time to waste the poison. But you have to try hard to get a bite from this arthropod: first remove it from the hole, and then grab it with your bare hand. In defense, the tarantula is capable of a vertical jump, but at the first opportunity it will try to hide.

Spider sak

The second name is yellow heyracantium. Originally an inhabitant of the southern regions. But the abnormal heat led to the fact that the arthropod began to be found in central Russia. The spread is facilitated by the sak's unhealthy addiction to the smell of oil. It often gets between the pipes of the car's propulsion system. The ventilation holes are clogged with their cobwebs.

Spider sak

The animal is not large: 0.7-1.5 cm. The paw span reaches 2.5 cm. The color is yellow-brown. It has impressive chelicerae with very long spines. This is a device for active night hunting. You can see what the sak looks like in the photo of the spider below.

Saka venom causes soft tissue necrosis. Other signs of poisoning may include nausea, headache, and high fever. The bite site becomes inflamed.

Southern regions of the country

The warmest regions are home to the following spiders:

South Russian tarantula

The popular name is Mizgir. Habitat - central and European Russia, namely steppes and semi-deserts. The female tarantula grows to a huge size of 3.2 cm, males are 5 mm smaller, weight starts from 30 grams, the maximum weight of an adult reaches 90 grams. Such parameters cannot but impress! There is no doubt about which spider is the largest in Russia - it is definitely a tarantula.

The massive body is dark brown or dark gray and covered with many hairs. Due to the large number of hairs, the spider looks very fluffy. Tarantulas live alone, except for the mating period. The diet, in addition to standard midges and flies, is supplemented by frogs and mice. Representatives of this species are true hunters; they prefer to guard, attack and chase large prey, while inflicting additional bites. Despite the terrifying appearance and predatory nature of the spider, it can bite a person if it senses danger. The bite is dangerous only due to an allergic reaction - redness and irritation.

Argiop

The popular name is wasp spider or wasp spider. It received its nickname due to the similarity of the color of the females of this species with the wasp: a yellow abdomen with black and white stripes. Distributed in the Krasnodar region, Astrakhan region and Volga region - warm regions. Argiopes have pronounced gender differences: females are large and bright, up to 3 cm, and males are on average 0.5 cm and have a dark gray or brown color.

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An interesting feature of spiders is their “gregarious” life - the number of individuals in a group is up to 20. The wasp spider is poisonous, but its poison will not cause serious harm to health. In terms of pain, the sting can be compared to that of an aspen or a bee; it will be painful and swollen. An allergic reaction is possible. Argiope will never attack first, but if you accidentally touch its web, an immediate reaction will follow.