Spider eyes: complex or simple, their structure, photo

So why do most spiders have so many eyes?

Both human and spider eyes are the result of slow development that helps them survive in different environments.
One of the reasons our human eyes are different from spiders is that our bodies and brains are also built differently. For example, spiders do not have necks. So they can't turn their heads to look at things like we do. Having extra eyes is one of the ways spiders see more around them and this helps them quickly spot prey or a potential predator.

Human eyes and spider eyes also do different jobs. Our two eyes are very complex and are good at many tasks at once, while spiders have different types of eyes that do different jobs.

For example, the large central eyes of jumping spiders are best suited for observing figures, but the simple side eyes serve an important function for observing predators.

So a two-eyed spider or an eight-eyed man cannot exist. But the two eyes that we have, and the eight eyes that most spiders have, are perfect for helping us live the way we do.

This article has been Digiproved 2021 Veronika SemenovaSome Rights Reserved

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Looking at photos of amazing creatures, you get the feeling that they came from other planets. Their eyes differ in functionality and size.

With the help of modern cameras, you can see the color up close, as well as the location of the eyes on the body. Some have one row, others three, or even four.

By the way, on our website thebiggest.ru you can find out what the largest spider in the world is.

The science that studies these mysterious and slightly terrifying creatures is called arachnology. Brave people study them, since most residents of cities and towns are afraid and have a negative attitude towards arachnid creatures. For some, it is not even the spider itself that causes irresistible fear, but even its image. They are widely represented in culture, and their images are found on vases of the Sumerian kingdom and on the walls of the tombs of Ancient Egypt. The editors of TheBiggest.ru website ask all people who care about spiders to write a comment about this article. How much do you like or dislike spider eyes and do you find them unpleasant and scary? And below we will post some more beautiful photos of spider eyes.

That's all! But for those who don’t get enough, on our Zen channel we continue to publish photos of spider eyes.

Internal structure

Digestive system

The spider's digestive system consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and intestines (front, middle and back). In the midgut, long blind processes increase its volume and absorption surface.

Undigested residues are expelled through the anus. The spider cannot eat solid food. Having caught prey (some insect) with the help of a web, he kills it with poison and lets digestive juices into his body. Under their influence, the contents of the captured insect liquefy, and the spider sucks it up. All that remains of the victim is an empty chitinous shell. This method of digestion is called extraintestinal.

Circulatory system

The spider's circulatory system is not closed. The heart looks like a long tube located on the dorsal side of the abdomen.

Blood vessels extend from the heart.

In a spider, the body cavity is of a mixed nature - during development it arises from the connection of the primary and secondary body cavities. Hemolymph circulates in the body.

Respiratory system

Excretory system

The excretory system is represented by two long tubes - Malpighian vessels. One end of the Malpighian vessels ends blindly in the body of the spider, the other opens into the hind intestine. Harmful waste products come out through the walls of the Malpighian vessels, which are then excreted. Water is absorbed in the intestines. In this way, spiders conserve water so they can live in dry places.

How do they breathe

Respiratory system of spiders
Depending on the species, spiders may have the following variations of the respiratory system:

one pair of lungs;
two pairs of lungs;
a pair of lungs and a pair of tracheas;
pairs of sieve and tubular tracheas;
pair of sieve tracheas.

Getting inside the spider through special holes, oxygen is transported through the hemolymph to the respiratory organs with the help of hemocyanin. The lung sacs are located in the front of the abdomen. They saturate the body with oxygen through the circulatory system. Also behind the pulmonary sacs are bundles of tracheae, which are small tubes. They exit through a single breathing hole. During exhalation, the spider releases the resulting carbon dioxide into space.

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How many pairs of eyes does a spider have?

During evolutionary development, different species developed a special structure of vision and the number of eyes. Their number depends on the lifestyle and method of hunting of the arachnid. Animals that prefer to hunt using professionally woven spider webs have poor eyesight. Active hunters see better. Basically these are 4 pairs lined up in rows. Why a spider has 8 eyes is due to its lifestyle. All eight provide them with an excellent outlook at 3600.

In nature, there are species that have 12 eyes, and there are also those who get by with just one pair of visual organs. But one pair ensures their existence in the outside world. Everything in nature is thought out to the smallest detail.

Medium poisonous spiders

The bite of such arthropods is not fatal, but can cause trouble in the form of swelling of the limbs and a painful bite site. These types include:

banana;
tarantulas;
spider sak;
wasp spider

The bites of these animals cause local irritation. With a very large dose of poison, swelling of the limb is possible.

Banana

Large arboreal orb-weaving spiders that spin the largest webs. They have several names:

banana spider;
giant tree spider;
golden weaver.

Large tree orb-weaving spiders
Body length 1-4 cm. Paw span 12 cm. Poison is not fatal to humans. A spider bite causes a local allergic reaction: burning, blistering, redness of the bite site. Symptoms disappear within 24 hours.

Tarantulas

They belong to the wolf spider family. The most famous are two species: the South Russian and Apulian tarantula. The common name for the South Russian tarantula is Mizgir spider. Large arthropods that do not weave trapping nets. They are nocturnal, attacking small invertebrates and other spiders. During the day they hide in vertical holes with a diameter of 1-1.5 cm and a depth of up to 0.6 m. The animals have a gray protective color. The abdomen is covered with bristles. Paws of medium length.

Tarantulas

Distributed in the southern dry steppes of the Eurasian continent. Tarantulas are especially poisonous in the spring after hibernation, before they have had time to waste the poison. But you have to try hard to get a bite from this arthropod: first remove it from the hole, and then grab it with your bare hand. In defense, the tarantula is capable of a vertical jump, but at the first opportunity it will try to hide.

Spider sak

The second name is yellow heyracantium. Originally an inhabitant of the southern regions. But the abnormal heat led to the fact that the arthropod began to be found in central Russia. The spread is facilitated by the sak's unhealthy addiction to the smell of oil. It often gets between the pipes of the car's propulsion system. The ventilation holes are clogged with their cobwebs.

Spider sak

The animal is not large: 0.7-1.5 cm. The paw span reaches 2.5 cm. The color is yellow-brown. It has impressive chelicerae with very long spines. This is a device for active night hunting. You can see what the sak looks like in the photo of the spider below.

Saka venom causes soft tissue necrosis. Other signs of poisoning may include nausea, headache, and high fever. The bite site becomes inflamed.

Argiope

She's a wasp spider. Belongs to the family of orb-weaving spiders. The wasp got its name from the characteristic coloring of its abdomen. In terms of the number of species, it is second only to jumping spiders and linifids. The range of Argiope is limited to 52°N.

Argiope

Hunting is passive. At dusk it weaves round trapping nets. Feeds on flying insects. The bite is painful. May cause local irritation.

Mice, snakes, toads and snails

Scientists have proven that mice see the world only at a short distance from them. They are better at distinguishing those objects that are moving, but they are still better at distinguishing those that are motionless only if they are very close. If a person waves his hand sharply, then mice can distinguish this wave, even being fifteen meters from the person. Noticing such a wave, the mouse will run away. If a person sits motionless, then the mouse will not notice him until it buries itself in him.

The snake perfectly senses heat and cold. This quality allows them to easily find prey at any time of the day. Snakes are believed to have two types of vision. Daytime vision reacts to all movements, but night vision focuses only on heat. If during the day an object that was moving and was supposed to become food for the snake freezes, then the snake will crawl past and this will save someone’s life.

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Frogs, like snakes, only see objects that move. If the moving object is large, then she will try to simply run away from it, and if it is small, then she will try to grab it. Being among a large number of insects and worms that will not move, the frog, without noticing them, may simply die of hunger.

Scientists still cannot study snail vision well. Therefore, the question of whether they see at all remains open. Some suggest that snails do not see at all, while others suggest that mollusks see only at a close distance, but at a distance they can distinguish between shadows and light.

Types and structure of eyes

The amazing inhabitants of the planet have three main types of eyes:

Main pair. They are also called medial;
Lateral additional, so to speak, side;
Faceted

The main pair helps the pack track the victim. These eyes are the largest and located in front of the other visual organs. Inside the capsule of the medial eyes there is a layer of light-sensitive cells, and muscles are attached to the eyes themselves, whose task is to move the retina.

The lateral eyes are smaller than the main ones and are in a static state. They expand the viewing angle and fix the light source. They help to assess the situation around, as well as notice danger and prey.

Not all species have compound eyes, but they help spiders perceive colors. These organs, inherited from distant ancestors, are able to perceive and reflect light.

Types of eyes

In all species, the organs of vision are arranged in two rows, and they are responsible for different functions:

The anterior pair, also known as the medial , is responsible for basic vision.
The other pairs of eyes are called auxiliary - they are responsible mainly for all other functions, as well as to warn the insect of approaching danger.
Just like other insects, there are compound eyes , which have separate areas responsible for certain functions, but in spiders these are special additional pairs of eyes, because of this they can have more than 4 eyes.

General characteristics. External structure

The cross spider can be found in the forest, park, and on the window frames of village houses and cottages. Most of the time, the spider sits in the center of its trapping network of adhesive thread - cobweb.

The spider's body consists of two sections: a small elongated cephalothorax and a larger spherical abdomen. The abdomen is separated from the cephalothorax by a narrow constriction. Four pairs of walking legs are located on the sides of the cephalothorax. The body is covered with a light, durable and quite elastic chitinous cover.

The spider periodically moults, shedding its chitinous cover. At this time it is growing. At the anterior end of the cephalothorax there are four pairs of eyes, and below there is a pair of hook-shaped hard jaws - chelicerae. With them the spider grabs its prey.

There is a canal inside the chelicerae. Through the channel, poison from the poisonous glands located at their base enters the victim’s body. Next to the chelicerae there are short organs of touch, covered with sensitive hairs - the tentacles.

At the lower end of the abdomen there are three pairs of arachnoid warts that produce cobwebs - these are modified abdominal legs.

The liquid released from arachnoid warts instantly hardens in air and turns into a strong web thread. Different parts of arachnoid warts produce different types of webs. Spider threads vary in thickness, strength, and adhesiveness. The spider uses different types of web to build a trapping network: at its base there are stronger and non-sticky threads, and concentric threads are thinner and stickier. The spider uses webs to strengthen the walls of its shelters and to make cocoons for eggs.

Nutrition

The main diet consists of insects of different sizes. The spider's trapping nets catch flies, wasps, hornets, grasshoppers, locusts, caterpillars, and butterflies. Snakes, frogs, toads, and mice get entangled in large, strong webs.

Cross spider

There is no internal digestive system, food liquefaction occurs externally. The spider bites the victim, injects poison that paralyzes the muscles and immobilizes the prey. The cross releases saliva into the insect’s body, envelops it in a web, and waits for several minutes. In 5-20 minutes, the insides of the prey turn into a liquid mass, which the predator sucks up.

Poisonous spider species

When hunting, some types of spiders use venom, which allows them to quickly and effectively immobilize their prey. The consequences of a bite from some individuals begin to appear almost immediately, while for others only after a couple of minutes. Below are the most common types of venomous spiders.

Karakurt

Karakurt
Spiders have a black body, males have white spots on their backs, females have red spots. Moreover, females become completely dark with age. Karakurt prefers to live in the grass; it weaves its web close to the ground, where insects fall. It can also crawl into rodent holes. Individuals grow up to 2 cm in length.

Cross spiders

Cross spiders
The color of the spider is brown-red, and there are also different patterns in the shape of leaves on the body. Some individuals have a white stripe. Crosses grow up to 3 cm in length, females are larger than males. While hunting, the spider weaves a web in which it catches small insects. The cross is wary of wasps and poisonous flies, because it is afraid of their bites.

Black Widow

Black widow
Adults grow up to 1.3 cm, the body is black. Females have a red, hourglass-shaped pattern on their abdomen. Males have purple paws. Black widows lead a solitary lifestyle and hunt small insects. After laying eggs, females wrap them in webs, making a large cocoon. It is attached to the net and monitored for safety.

Recluse spider

The recluse spider
lives in the eastern United States and is considered highly poisonous. The body of the hermit stretches up to 2 cm, has a brown, gray or yellow color with dark spots. Mainly nocturnal. During the day, the predator hides under stones, and at nightfall it goes in search of insects and other spiders. It can both catch prey using a web and personally pursue it.

Kipling's Bagheera

Bagheera Kipling
One of the few species of spiders that are not predators and feed on vegetation. Individuals live on acacia trees and eat small shoots. The paws of Kipling's bagheera are amber in color, the body has a different color, consisting of black, brown and green. Adults grow no more than a centimeter in length.

White Lady

The White Lady
Spider has a creamy white color, its body grows up to 1.3 cm in length. The main part of the population lives in Namibia, in sandy areas. Most of the diet consists of insects, but predators can also attack reptiles. When hunting, they rarely go further than a few meters from the hole. They are nocturnal.

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Description and photo of the cross spider

The body size of females is from 20 to 40 mm, that of males is 10 mm. Consists of a round convex abdomen, cephalothorax. The body is covered with a durable shell, the legs are covered with villi. The crusader spider has 10 limbs, of which 4 pairs are walking legs. The front ones perform the functions of claws - they capture the prey and hold it while feeding. The paws are symmetrical to the size of the body. The structure does not differ from a typical arachnid. The cephalothorax is connected to the abdomen by a thin bridge.

How many eyes does a cross spider have - 8. Placed on the front of the head. 6 in the center, 2 large on the sides. This number of eyes provides a wide range of vision, but does not provide good vision.

The spider is myopic, sees everything in general terms - movement, shadow, silhouette. The organs of smell and touch help the cross to navigate in space. Located on the legs. Finding itself in an unfamiliar place, the spider carefully feels the space initially with its paws, and then moves.

What a crusader looks like depends on the species. The body structure is the same, but the color is different.

The meadow crossweed lives in places with humid air, warm climate, and dim light. Painted in brown, yellow, red tones. On the belly on the upper side there are white spots in the shape of a cross. Thanks to this identification mark, all species of araneus are called crosses. The meadow predator weaves a web on the grass and hunts small insects.
The forest cross differs from the garden and meadow in its darker color. The body is dark brown with white stripes. The characteristic white or brown sign of the cross is clearly visible on the abdomen. The paws are long. The largest cross in Russia. The size together with the leg span reaches 4 cm.
The Far Eastern cross is distinguished by its large size. Habitats: forest, field, meadow. The color is brown with different shades. The cross on the abdomen is white or yellowish. It weaves the largest web, which reaches 2 m in diameter. Even frogs, toads, and snakes can become entangled in strong webs.
An orange or yellow spider with a cross on its back is an ordinary crusader that lives in shady places in forests, fields, meadows, and gardens. Araneus angulatus is a rare species listed in the Red Book. Body size is about 18 mm.
The predator with a red cross on its back is a type of meadow cross. Bright spots scare away enemies, but do not mean that this representative of the genus is more poisonous.
A black spider with a white cross on its back is a crusader that lives near swamps, in the forest, in fields, and rarely approaches a person’s house. Outwardly it resembles a tegenaria.

Harmless species of spiders

If the spider's venom is mildly toxic and causes almost no harm to humans, such species are considered harmless and non-poisonous. There are a large number of species in the world, and the main ones are listed below.

Hunter bordered

Border hunter
Lives in swamps and places with high humidity. To hunt, it enters the water and waits for insects and other small creatures to swim nearby on the surface. Feeling the vibrations, the spider breaks away and runs towards the source of the waves to grab its prey. The hunter's length grows up to 2.3 cm, the paw span reaches 8 cm.

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Flower spider

Flower Spider
The spider has long front legs that can effectively grab prey. Males grow up to 4 mm in length, and females grow up to 9 mm. Females are white, sometimes with a yellow tint on their paws. Males are brown with red spots.

Interesting fact : the spider lives in the buds of different flowers, and its color can change depending on the color of the leaves. This helps to remain invisible while hunting insects.

Knitting spiders

Knitting spiders
Representatives of this species live in fields and prefer to settle near a water source. They spread their nets between branches over a river or pond and wait for various insects to get there. Knitting spiders mainly prefer flies, ants and aphids. Adults stretch up to several millimeters in length.

Haymaker

The Harvesting Spider
has a small round body and long thin legs. The color can be dark brown or with a reddish tint. The haymaker lives both in nature and in residential buildings. Builds webs in well-lit places, because... loves sunlight. Hunts small insects, but can also eat plant foods. It is completely harmless to humans.

Goliath tarantula

Goliath tarantula
An adult can grow up to 30 cm, making this species one of the largest among spiders. The body is covered with hairs, the color varies from light brown to dark colors. Most of the population lives in South America. The goliath tarantula is often kept as a pet. It feeds on insects and other spiders.

Pelican spider

Pelican-shaped spider
Spiders have an unusual shape on the front of their body, which is similar to the head of a pelican. The species lives in Madagascar; the maximum length of adult individuals is approximately half a centimeter. The jaws are quite powerful, allowing them to bite through prey without any problems. They hunt other spiders, and they themselves climb onto their web and attack.

Smiling spider

Smiling spider
Adults grow up to 5 mm, body color can be yellow, green or blue. There are patterns on the back that look like a smile. Eats small flies. Also, the bright color of the predator camouflages it against the background of plants, which makes it invisible to birds and other enemies. The smiling spider lives in Hawaii.

Peacock spider

Peacock spider
Has a multi-colored color that makes it look like a peacock, its body is covered with thin and short hairs. The length of an adult is approximately 4-5 mm. The peacock spider lives in Australia and feeds on insects. It prefers to settle on tall plants, where it weaves a web and waits for prey.

Spiny orb-weaving spider

Spiny orb-weaving spider
The spider is found in the United States, Australia, and the Philippines. The predator has an unusual body shape: it is oval, with six long spines protruding from the edges. Males grow up to 3 mm in length, females up to 13 mm. The front part of the cephalothorax and the spines are painted in a certain color, the back can be white, red or yellow, with dark dots on it. When the spider sits motionless, it tucks its paws under itself and takes the form of a ball.

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Apulian tarantula

Apulian tarantula
The main part of the population lives in Italy and Spain. As a home, the tarantula digs a hole up to half a meter deep. The size of an individual can reach up to 7 cm. The color varies from red to brown, and there are dark stripes of different lengths on the body. It eats various insects, preferring beetles and caterpillars.

Reproduction

The mating season begins at the end of summer. The female waits for the male on her web and senses his approach by the vibrations of the web. After fertilization, it spins a cocoon and lays up to 250 eggs inside. He carries it with him and then leaves it in a secluded place. The young animals spend the winter in this state. Spiders are born at the end of April.

The maturation period lasts several months. During this time, the nymphs molt about 5 times, increase in size, and acquire a characteristic color. By the end of summer they become sexually mature. Caterpillars and aphids serve as food for the young.

How adult spiders overwinter - they hide in cracks in walls, utility rooms, forest litter, tree hollows. They become active as air temperatures rise in spring.

The power of spiders' vision

The front pair of spiders' eyes are capable of seeing things that even humans cannot discern. Research has been conducted and it has been proven that some types of spiders have the ability to sense even ultraviolet light. For example:

The strongest vision is possessed by jumping spiders, the species of which number more than 6 thousand subspecies; their vision allows them to notice the slightest movement, even the smallest details, so that this species can actively hunt other insects, and not sit and wait in ambush, as is commonly believed.
The next most visually powerful species are shadow spiders. This species prefers to catch prey using a woven web and can distinguish the movements of large objects: various flies, moths, bees, etc., and their vision allows them to detect changes in light intensity and direction.
As mentioned above, individuals living in caves have the weakest vision.

Spiders of Russia

In Russia you can meet a wide variety of spiders. It is estimated that the country is home to approximately 2,880 species with specific characteristics. Below are the main and most common ones.

House spider

House spider
This species prefers to live in residential buildings and outbuildings. It eats small insects: bedbugs, moths, flies, etc. If there are no human settlements nearby, it can live in fields and forests, using a crack in a tree or thick grass as a home. The color of the spider is yellow-brown, with a dark pattern on the back. An adult grows up to 1.2 cm.

Orb weaver

Orb weaver
A poisonous spider that lives in nature. The predator climbs trees and weaves a large round web between the branches, into which insects fall, which later become food. Orb weavers can also hunt frogs, rats and other small animals.

Interesting fact : the poison of the orb weaver paralyzes the frog in 15 minutes. For humans, the bite is practically harmless, although there may be discomfort in the affected area.

Argiope arthropod

Argiope arthropod
Males of this species rarely grow more than 5 mm, but females stretch up to several centimeters. The spider is yellow and black in color, which makes it look like a wasp. Argiope is found in central Russia. The spider is poisonous and rarely attacks first in case of danger. Having spread a web, the predator often sits right in its center and does not hide from potential prey.

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Hyracantidae

Hyracantids
This species of spider lives in grass and dense thickets and loves temperate climates. Adults grow up to one and a half centimeters. The color is light brown, sometimes there may be a green tint. Chiracantids are nocturnal, do not build permanent housing, travel across territories and hunt insects. The bite is considered highly poisonous.

South Russian tarantula

South Russian tarantula
Grows up to 3 cm, prefers areas with low humidity, mainly steppes. He builds a house in loose soil, digs a hole several tens of centimeters deep. During the hunt, he sits inside and waits. When an insect runs nearby, the tarantula jumps out of the hole and bites the prey. The poison almost immediately paralyzes the enemy, and the spider only has to drag him home.

Silver spider

Silver spider
In Russia, you can find the silver spider in the Far East, Siberia and the Caucasus. The legs and front part of the predator's body are dark brown, the back part is gray. The size of an adult does not exceed 2 cm. The silver spider has a calm character and does not attack without reason. Spends most of its time in water, where it hunts small creatures.

Steatoda

Steatoda
Species is found in the Caucasus and southern Russia; it prefers to settle next to humans and hunt in gardens and vegetable gardens. The spider is black in color with orange-red or gray patterns on the back. It is poisonous, but the bite is not capable of causing severe harm to humans. But it quickly helps to cope with insects.

Black Eresus

The Black Eresus
Spider has a rather unusual color, which makes it look like a ladybug. Eresus lives in the Rostov and Novosibirsk regions. It digs a small hole as a home, to which it is attached all its life. Often the male and female live together to regularly produce offspring. The spider grows up to 2 cm in length.

Solpuga

The Salpuga
Spider lives in the Crimea, has white-yellow legs and a gray body, which is why it is perfectly camouflaged in the sand. It is most active at night and can move quickly. When hunting, it uses long jaws, which help cope not only with insects, but also lizards and rodents. Salpugs grow up to 7 cm in length.

Pouch spider

The pouch spider
is an aggressive predator that is capable of attacking even a large opponent. It has an elongated body of yellow color with a greenish tint. Lives in the Volgograd and Rostov regions. Prefers to live in fields with tall grass, but can also be found near trees. The average length of an adult is 1.5 cm.

False black widow

False Black Widow
The False Black Widow is dark in color and sometimes has red spots on its body. Individuals with light-colored paws are also sometimes found. The spider grows no more than 1.2 cm in length and hunts small insects. Considered highly poisonous. The bite can cause discomfort to a person for 2-3 days. The bulk of the population lives in Dagestan.

Description and characteristics

The body of every arachnid creature includes two main parts.

The abdomen, on which there are special breathing holes and warts, through which individuals weave webs.
The cephalothorax is covered with a special shell made of chitin, which has 4 pairs of jointed legs. That is, the answer to the question of how many legs a spider has is 8. The number of eyes can reach a similar value.

Spider structure

Large spiders can reach a body size of up to 10 cm. The smallest individuals have dimensional characteristics of 0.4 cm (this is the smallest spider). The coloring features depend on the structure and structure of the scales and integument, so some individuals can be monochromatic, while others have a bright color.

Feeding features of insects

Being voracious predators, spiders usually feed on insects by suction. Many people wonder whether spiders eat cockroaches, and in some cases the answer may be yes. This applies to domestic animals. The prey - the victim of spiders - must be killed using poison. If it is a small insect, death occurs instantly; if the victim is large, it struggles in the predator’s nets. Certain food items that arachnids eat are small insects, and they must be suitable in size ratio. Many individuals eat cockroaches of all types, bedbugs, flies and bugs.

Spider with prey

Insects

The fly is one of those insects whose visual acuity depends on the number of facets. So a fly has about four thousand facets in its eyes, but it sees much worse than a person. For a fly, the world consists of mosaic pieces, and each facet allows you to see only some part of the image. But the fly perceives various flickers perfectly. And if the maximum frequency of such flickering for a human eye is 50 Hz, then in a fly this frequency is 300 Hz.

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Therefore, it turns out that when a person is about to hit a fly, for example, with a newspaper, it manages to see this faster than the person’s actions and calmly flies away to a safe distance.

Butterflies see the world as a whole and not very well, but they can perceive ultraviolet light, which still remains invisible to humans. This also applies to bees, which, thanks to this property, can see patterns on flowers that humans cannot notice.

Most spiders have poor vision, especially shadow spiders, which differentiate slightly between shadow and light and always react quickly to movement in the web of their victims. Jumping spiders are an exception to this rule, as they have excellent vision, and they also have side eyes that help to distinguish what is happening behind and to the side.

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