Plant pests

1 – From the eggs laid by the female tick, larvae first emerge. Their “food base” is small mammals living on the forest floor - mice, voles, shrews. A well-fed larva leaves the host and takes refuge in the litter for the winter, where it molts and turns into an individual of the next stage - a nymph. 2 – Nymphs are larger than larvae and, unlike them, have not three, but four pairs of legs. In addition to rodents, nymphs can also feed on birds that collect food on the ground. 3 – One more winter and molting - and the tick becomes an adult. Individuals of different sexes of the taiga tick differ well from each other. Males are smaller and have a dark brown shield that covers almost the entire body, while the female has a bright red abdomen protruding from behind the shield, making her look much larger than the male. This difference is due to the fact that males practically do not eat as adults, and therefore their digestive apparatus is not developed. They have one task - to find and fertilize the female. The female, in order to lay eggs, must once again be saturated with blood. And since the size of the tick increases with each molt, future offspring require even more food... In general, mouse blood is no longer enough for the female. Its victims are large forest inhabitants: hares, ungulates and predators - or its temporary visitors: humans and domestic animals. The development cycle of the taiga tick includes three stages, each of which usually lasts exactly a year. In order to molt and move to the next stage of development, the tick must be saturated with blood. If a tick fails to find a host at some stage of development, it will overwinter hungry, but will not moult. And thus, its development cycle, normally three years, can last up to five years. At each stage of its life, a tick, together with the host’s blood, can either itself receive the virus of tick-borne encephalitis and other pathogens of vector-borne infections, or, conversely, infect the host with the virus through the secretion of its salivary glands. Photo by V. Glupov (ISiEZh) and S. Tkachev (IKhBFM)
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