Dermatitis from insect bites ICD 10

Allergy to insects

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The main forms of insect allergies are:

• local skin reactions to insect bites;
• systemic anaphylactic reactions to stings;
• respiratory allergic reactions to inhalation of insects and substances released by them.

There are immediate reactions, which occur within a few seconds or minutes and last several hours or days, and delayed allergic reactions, which appear 1-2 days after the bite.

Toxic reactions are observed after being stung by a large number of insects.

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Symptoms of an allergy to insects

A pronounced local reaction is manifested by severe swelling and erythema (over 10 cm in diameter), lasting more than 24 hours. At the same time, other signs of an immediate allergic reaction may appear - urticaria, angioedema, facial redness; nausea, vomiting; difficulty breathing caused by swelling of the nasopharynx, vocal cords, larynx, trachea, bronchospasm; abdominal pain, diarrhea; arthralgia.

Anaphylactic shock is the most severe allergic reaction to insect bites. Anaphylactic shock can develop from a bite to any part of the body, but when the head and neck area is affected, its likelihood increases. In most cases, symptoms of anaphylactic shock appear within the first 15 minutes, although a later onset of the reaction is possible. The clinical picture of anaphylactic shock is as described below.

The more severe the initial reaction to the bite, the higher the likelihood of its recurrence.

Within 7-12 days after the bite, reactions resembling serum sickness may occur.

Source of the article: https://ilive.com.ua/health/allergiya-na-nasekomyh_107108i15937.html

Position in the classification of diseases

Allergic reaction to an insect bite according to ICD 10 - W57. The interpretation sounds like skin damage, penetration of stinging venom into the systemic bloodstream. The classification of the disease has a number of subsections, which depends on the addition of complications and other pathological processes:

• allergy to insect bites according to the type of contact dermatitis, ICD-10 code – L23;
• cutaneous urticaria – L50;
• allergic reaction to an insect bite, urinary tract infection, type rhinitis – J30;
• dyspeptic disorders such as intestinal infections – K92.8;
• false manifestations of an unspecified nature – T78.

All these conditions have a common pathogenesis, caused by the immune response to the effects of poisons or saliva of stinging, blood-sucking animals. The symptomatic complex depends on the degree of exposure of the human body to the toxic components of the poison.

Note! Adequate advanced diagnostics makes it possible to identify the main causes, prescribe timely treatment, and further prevent complicated conditions.

How to distinguish a problem from normal consequences

It is important to distinguish and understand whether it is bites from various insects or an allergy. If there are no abnormalities in the human body, there are no peculiarities in genetics, then in 90% of cases the symptoms correspond to a normal reaction. After injecting poison or saliva into the bloodstream, a person feels:

• itching;
• the appearance of a compaction at the site of the lesion;
• pain (can be acute or not very strong - depends on the insect and the threshold of pain sensitivity).

Swelling and redness also appear. All these reactions are natural, as the body begins to fight the problem. After a few hours, the manifestations will pass, there will be no health consequences.

The photo shows a common reaction in children and adults to bites of blood-sucking and other insects:

bee wasp mosquito

Basic mechanisms of development

Allergies can occur through skin lesions or non-invasive contact (eg, skin contact without a bite). Vivid immune responses are observed after attacks by bees or wasps, as well as blood-sucking insects. Manifestations after a sting are called insect allergies. The pathological condition is observed in every fifth person and is manifested by a complex of symptoms of varying intensity.

Allergic reactions to an insect bite according to ICD 10 code - W57, as in any other cases of stings.

Clinicians note increased hypersensitivity to stinging venom: wasps, bees, hornets. Without treatment, such an allergy often results in shock conditions: anaphylaxis, extensive swelling, and mortality. Symptoms of stings appear more often in young or elderly people over 55-60 years of age, as well as in young children. There are several common insects that trigger the development of an immune response symptom:

• arthropods: ants, cockroaches, beetles, bedbugs, mosquitoes, flies;
• Hymenoptera: hornets, bees, wasps.

In rural and urban areas, allergies to midges, dragonflies, ticks, and spiders are possible.

The main cause of allergy symptoms is the individual characteristics of the human body and its immune response. Acute forms of typical allergic manifestations are observed in people with a history of allergies, hereditary predisposition, and autoimmune diseases.

For wasp venom

Wasp venom causes allergies in almost all people, but clinical signs vary. A healthy body provokes a moderate immune response. A few minutes after the bite, local swelling, swelling, and redness appear. Another 20-30 minutes after the appearance of the initial signs of the bite, mild itching occurs. In pathological reactions, swelling of the larynx or soft tissues increases within a few seconds.

Wasp venom is a strong allergen and belongs to the group of neurotoxins, so people predisposed to the development of acute allergic conditions develop severe complications with swelling of the larynx, damage to the cardiovascular system, and fever.

In addition to the neurotoxin, wasp venom contains high concentrations of protein compounds - bradykinin, serotonin, which also trigger the development of acute symptoms. Local allergic reaction to an insect bite - ICD 10 code - W57, as in all cases of stinging.

Important! Substances such as peptides, norepinephrine, and histamines can trigger allergies. The complex of these biochemical substances is a trigger for the development of an immediate immune response.

To the bee's venom

Requests for medical help for stings are recorded in 5% of all clinical cases. The main cause of atypical symptoms is the presence of special antibodies in the body of bees. The composition of the poison includes histamine components, acetylcholine, organic acids (orthophosphoric, hydrochloric and formic), melitin, norepinephrine, peptides (reducing blood clotting).

After histamine penetrates into the systemic bloodstream, vascular muscles relax, bronchospasm, swelling of the oropharynx, and a decrease in blood pressure occur. Allergy to insect bites, ICD 10 code is W57.

The danger of venom penetration is due to generalized swelling in individuals with a high immune response to the constituent components of bee venom. The sting often remains in the wound, which significantly intensifies the symptoms.

For mosquitoes and other blood-sucking creatures

Numerous blood-sucking arthropods can also trigger allergies, especially in summer. For example, mosquitoes secrete a specific liquid to reduce the sensitivity of the bite and improve the penetration of the piercing nose into the vessel.

An allergic reaction to an insect bite ICD 10 (local reaction) - W57, belongs to the classification of the bite of non-venomous bloodsucking insects.

Note! Symptoms arise precisely from this anesthetic liquid. The sting causes local swelling and itching . Rarely, an allergy to mosquitoes is aggravated by swelling of the tissues of internal organs and cardiovascular complications.

General factors

The typical reason for the development of allergic symptoms is due to the activity of antibodies to irritant allergens. A number of the following factors contribute to the development of acute immune manifestations:

• pregnancy and physiological decrease in immune status;
• early childhood;
• complicated allergy history, including hereditary predisposition;
• autoimmune diseases of any nature;
• chronic diseases of internal organs and body systems.

In the absence of predisposing factors, the allergy is limited to local manifestations: swelling, itching, redness, moderate pain in the affected area.

How the body manifests itself if danger is brewing

Skin manifestations

Allergic symptoms manifest themselves primarily on the skin. At the site of insertion of the sting or proboscis, a characteristic point or small depression remains, since the upper layers of the epidermis have been damaged. There is redness and swelling.

If the body reacts too violently or there have been several bites, swelling may appear in these areas. Sometimes a small rash appears after the bite of attacking insects. The diameter of the resulting lump is small - from 2-3 mm to 1 cm. Sometimes lumps up to 10 cm are recorded - it all depends on the insect that bit the person and the strength of his immunity.

In the photo there is a rash from insects and other skin consequences of bites:

Catarrhal symptoms

This type of manifestation is considered complex and requires special attention and medical supervision. The complexity of the condition is due to the presence of such manifestations as:

• nausea;
• general loss of strength;
• runny nose and sneezing;
• decrease in pressure;
• breathing problems;
• excessive production of tears;
• increased body temperature (fever);
• pain in the heart area.

Fainting and conjunctivitis sometimes develop. The danger also lies in severe swelling, which can cause suffocation.

Systemic manifestations

Systemic manifestations are observed more often after wasps, bees or hornets. They are characterized by:

• redness of large areas of the skin;
• the appearance of a red rash (spots, papules);
• swelling, which affects not only the affected areas, but also other parts of the body.

How does urticaria manifest from bites of insects attacking children and adults in the photo:

It is important to remember that anaphylactic shock can develop. This is a state of rapid and violent reaction to allergens, which is characterized by a sharp decrease in blood pressure. Loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest may also occur. In this case, contacting a doctor is a mandatory action.

In children

In children, allergic manifestations are more pronounced than in older people. Features of the condition are expressed in the duration of symptoms - they can last up to 4-7 days. Itching and pain are more pronounced, which leads to discomfort and deterioration of the general condition.

In certain situations, for example, against the background of weakened immunity or the presence of a chronic disease, allergies can cause severe manifestations in children - anaphylactic shock or Quincke's edema. The risk of these manifestations carries additional danger, so first aid should be provided immediately.

Irritation and other allergy symptoms in children from stinging and other insect bites:

Pathogenesis

Increasing the body's sensitivity to insects occurs in several main ways:

• parenteral – direct sting;
• aerogenic – penetration of excrement or particles with air;
• contact – contact with the skin;
• nutritional – getting into food, water.

The mechanism of the allergic process is due to the activation of the body's protective resources, its own immune cells, which often causes pseudo-allergy with characteristic signs of true allergy.

Clinical manifestations are observed within a few minutes after contact. IgG is produced and special immune complexes are formed. With the development of pseudoallergy, the pathology promotes the synthesis of components contained in the saliva or venom of stinging animals.

Main features

With a normal immune response, symptoms are temporary. After time, clinical manifestations in the form of itching and swelling disappear on their own. In the presence of predisposing factors, saliva or insect venom enters the bloodstream, a number of other symptoms appear:

• local manifestations with intense swelling, erythema;
• swelling persists for more than 2-10 days;
• general malaise, muscle weakness;
• anaphylactic shock;
• toxicogenic manifestations (with simultaneous stinging);
• vascular collapse;
• shock reactions.

The latter complications can be fatal. Muscle or joint pain, fever, and deterioration in general condition without specific symptoms are often observed.

Important! Manifestations of anaphylaxis are expressed by a sharp drop in blood pressure, involuntary bowel movements or urination due to disruption of the innervation of the pelvic organs, respiratory arrest, and acute heart failure.

Organ manifestations are rare, developing as hemorrhagic vasculitis, dysfunction of the myocardium, tissue of the renal structures, and brain. Complications associated with damage to the nervous system, which occurs after the bite of hornets, bees, and ticks, are considered dangerous. Upon contact with stinging bodies, signs of rhinoconjunctivitis, bronchospasm, and intestinal disorders appear.

In preschool children, symptoms develop most intensively. Thus, in children 3-4 years old, symptoms can persist for up to 5 days, itching and local pain are more intense, and the risk of angioedema and anaphylaxis increases. When an insect bite is detected, it is important to understand what factors could contribute to the allergy and to exclude contact with the irritant. Providing first aid depends on the general condition of the patient.

Associated symptoms

Long-term clinical signs may be accompanied by other symptoms:

• lacrimation of the conjunctival type;
• nasal discharge, development of chronic rhinitis;
• respiratory failure;
• generalized edema;
• extensive lesions of the skin, up to 10-50 cm from the site of the bite or sting.

With a complicated clinical history, it is possible that concomitant clinical signs related to existing diseases may be added. In young children, the allergic condition resembles the course of ARVI, acute respiratory infections.

Consequences

Symptoms may be limited to local allergies or cause a severe reaction that is life-threatening:

• nausea;
• vomit;
• increased blood pressure;
• arrhythmia;
• difficulty breathing;
• edema;
• loss of consciousness;
• tremor, convulsions;
• impaired coordination of movements;
• confusion, etc.

If your general health worsens, you should immediately seek help from specialists. The administration of antihistamines and serum that neutralizes insect venom is required. In the absence of qualified treatment for bites, a person risks dying.

Allergies to mosquito, bee and other insect bites vary in severity and, in severe cases, pose a threat to life. The body's hypersensitivity reaction does not depend on the frequency and number of bites.

Diagnostics

Allergy is the field of study of allergists and infectious disease specialists. Identifying the disease and its true cause requires the following series of diagnostic measures:

• collection of life and clinical history, study of patient complaints;
• study of the actual condition, external signs, sting sites;
• allergy tests or tests (skin allergy tests with active insect allergens);
• tests of blood, urine, feces (if necessary, vomit);
• swab from the nasal tract, oropharynx.

Additionally, ultrasound of the abdominal and pelvic organs, ECG and echocardiography of the heart, and spirography are performed - examination of the respiratory organs against the background of respiratory failure.

Laboratory tests regarding the reaction of specific immunoglobulins, allergens, and antibodies are mandatory. Allergies are differentiated from contact dermatitis, pathologies of internal organs or systems, bronchospasm, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and severe intoxications.

Often a consultation with an otolaryngologist, ophthalmologist, cardiologist, pulmonologist, nephrologist, neurologist, as well as other specialists in the required profile is indicated.

Treatment

Treatment of pathological manifestations is complex, aimed at eliminating symptoms and preventing acute life-threatening conditions. Therapy is carried out on an outpatient or hospital basis. Acute allergic manifestations can only be relieved in a hospital setting.

The development of local symptoms requires treatment with an antiseptic, ointment with an antiallergic component. Sometimes no treatment is required. Anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema, and severe edema require professional, highly targeted medical care.

If there is a sting left in the wound, remove it. First, a tourniquet is applied just above the lesion, and cold is applied to the stung area. The limb should be given an elevated position, for example, by placing a cushion. The victim is transferred to a cool place. Prescription of drug therapy is mandatory:

• antihistamines;
• bronchodilators to relieve bronchospasms;
• hormonal drugs to relieve extensive soft tissue swelling;
• allergen-specific immunotherapy for special indications.

Symptomatic manifestations of lacrimation or rhinitis disappear within a few minutes/hours after taking antihistamines. If necessary, use local antibacterial and vasoconstrictor drugs.

First Aid Basics

Correct first aid can save a person’s life, which is why it is so important to know what to do for the victim:

• objectively assess the condition of the victim: pulse, blood pressure, breathing;
• Place the patient comfortably and place a cushion under the limb;
• carefully remove the sting;
• treat the wound with an antiseptic and lubricate it with an antihistamine.

If the allergy develops rapidly and signs of suffocation are observed, it is important to immediately call an ambulance. It is unacceptable to give liquid to a patient with edema. Usually people with an acute immune response to allergens have an antihistamine, this should be taken into account when providing first aid.

Treatment with traditional methods

The use of traditional medicine recipes is justified if the goal is to eliminate local symptoms. You can treat the bite site with fresh plantain juice. Essential oils of clove, aloe, sage, and tea tree will help relieve itching and redness. Apple compote, a decoction of mint, sage, and chamomile can calm a child without swelling.

When taking funds “from grandma’s chest,” you must use common sense.

Note! Not a single product in the home medicine cabinet has a targeted antihistamine effect . It is unacceptable to use non-traditional recipes during the rapid development of swelling of the larynx, eyes, face, difficulty breathing

.

Prevention and prognosis

Any patient with a complicated allergic history or concomitant pathologies of internal organs or systems knows how to provide first aid. Aggressive clinical manifestations require immediate use of antihistamines or hormone-containing drugs. Within a few minutes after taking the hormone, swelling decreases and breathing is restored.

Prevention is due to regular educational work, treatment of garden plots, limiting stay near apiaries, places where blood-sucking and stinging animals accumulate (garbage dumps, vegetable markets). People at risk are advised to apply special protective equipment to their clothing, install mosquito nets in a timely manner, carry anti-shock medications or a passport with a description of the disease, an allergic reaction to an insect bite - ICD code.

The prognosis depends on the severity of the lesion and the course of symptoms, the age of the patient, and life or clinical history. A complicated medical history of allergies, as well as acute allergic conditions, requires the ability to relieve such symptoms in the patient or his relatives. Lack of timely assistance against the background of extensive edema provokes the development of respiratory failure and death.

Source of the article: https://allergia.expert/vozbuditeli-allergii/allergiya-na-zhivotnyh-i-nasekomyh/allergicheskaya-reaktsiya-na-ukus-nasekomyh-mesto-v-mkb-10-prichiny-mehanizmy-razvitiya-priznaki -pomosch-i-prognoz.html

How to treat without causing harm

Only a doctor can prescribe precise, condition-appropriate treatment for allergies in children to the bites of a wide variety of insects. It is divided into exposure to medications and traditional methods. The prescribed therapy is carried out for several days to reduce all possible risks. In difficult cases, hospitalization is carried out for constant medical monitoring of the condition.

Medicines

Adrenaline is included in the therapeutic intervention program, as it stops negative manifestations. A saline solution is also injected to normalize the pressure (injection). Calcium supplements help stimulate the immune system and speed up the recovery process.

New generation antihistamines relieve skin manifestations after bites and reduce exposure to allergens due to insect attacks. Remedies for breathing problems are also used. All medications must be used after a doctor's prescription.

Traditional methods

Traditional medicine includes the use of soothing and disinfecting decoctions. They are the basis for compresses that are applied to the affected area. The most effective plants are mint, plantain and parsley. Their leaves can also be applied to the bite site if the reaction is normal. It is important to use home recipes after consulting a doctor.