Types of worms in children, symptoms and treatment

Worms can appear in children at any age. Both children under one year old and adolescents are susceptible to infection, regardless of their social status and organization. The severity of the invasion is directly affected by the life cycle of the pathogen, which in turn is associated with the structure of the worms.

It is possible to see adult parasites in feces only with a few types of intestinal helminthiasis, but in order to imagine all the harm caused to a fragile organism, it is necessary to become familiar with the external features of all types of childhood parasites.

What to do in such a situation? To get started, we recommend reading this article. This article describes in detail methods of controlling parasites. We also recommend that you consult a specialist. Read the article >>>

Roundworms or nematodes

The most common group of helminths in young children, which causes various types of nematodes.

A feature of roundworms is the complete absence of the respiratory and circulatory systems. They absorb oxygen throughout their entire body.

The sizes of worms vary from small to medium worms, and the habitat of individuals is various parts of the intestine. Pinworm is the causative agent of enterobiasis, which is often diagnosed in children under one year of age.

Pinworms

These are one of the most common helminths in infants. They can be seen in a child's potty with the naked eye.

• The size of females reaches 12 mm, and males 5 mm. Their body shape is similar to a spindle.
• In females the tip is pointed, in males it is twisted into a ring.
• At the top, the body is slightly expanded and equipped with a vesicle (mouth), with which the pinworm is attached to the intestinal wall. The oral cavity gradually passes into the region of the esophagus, followed by the intestines and genital opening.

Pinworms have a special life cycle, in which females die after laying eggs, and males die after mating. Therefore, you can often see large numbers of these parasites in a baby’s stool. They look like scraps of white threads.

Many parents say they have seen similar black worms in their stool. But parasites do not have such colors. Most often, particles of undigested fiber from food are mistaken for worms.

Routes of infection

The world of helminths is diverse; in total there are at least three hundred species of parasites dangerous to humans, of which about three dozen are found in our country.

The high prevalence of worms among children requires parents to have certain knowledge about the routes and methods of infection necessary to prevent infestation in all family members.

There are three groups of helminths:

1. Contact worms are transmitted through direct communication between people (for example, mother and child) or through the use of common household items. This group includes pinworms - the most common roundworms, the only host of which is humans. The eggs of these worms can survive for several weeks and months in the external environment (dust on books, curtains, toys). A mother with enterobiasis or older children in the family who attend organized groups can infect an infant with pinworms.
2. Geohelminths - their eggs must mature in the soil to the invasive stage; they enter the child’s mouth through hands, unwashed fruits and vegetables. In infants, worms of this group can appear in the body from a dirty nipple picked up from the ground, from the mother’s unwashed hands, or from eating freshly prepared purees from poorly washed vegetables or berries. A typical representative of this group are roundworms. Cases of ascariasis have been described in newborn children who became infected from a sick mother while in the womb or during childbirth.
3. Biohelminths have a complex life cycle with a change of hosts; people become infected by eating raw fish (liver fluke), lightly salted caviar (wide tapeworm) or insufficiently cooked meat (bovine, pork tapeworm), as well as by communicating with domestic animals (echinococcus). These parasites are rare in infants.

It will also be interesting: What symptoms will help you understand that a child has worms?
The most common parasites of young children are pinworms, roundworms, and whipworms.

Types of worms in a child, photo

The most common parasites in our climate zone are:

• Nematodes : ascariasis, enterobiasis, trichuriasis, trichinosis, ankylostomiasis

Roundworms (nematodes)

• Cestodoses : hymenolepiasis, taeniasis, teniarinchiasis, diphyllobothriasis, echinococcosis.

Tapeworms (cestodes)

• Trematodes
  : opisthorchiasis, fascioliasis

How to get your child tested for worms?

It is worth noting that stool analysis is considered the most common. To do this, you need to take the first portion of feces per day into a sterile container. The biomaterial must be delivered to the laboratory within 2 hours. This is a simple type of analysis; similar studies are carried out in any district clinic. A referral can be taken from a pediatrician.

Common ways to get tested for worms:

• Blood. This type of analysis is the most accurate; in 95% of cases it gives reliable results. It can be used to determine helminthiasis, even if there are no obvious signs and symptoms of infection.
• Scraping You can carry out the fence using tape or a cotton swab. It is necessary in the morning after waking up to rub a cotton swab around the anus. You can apply the tape to the baby's anus with the sticky side. This piece of tape is placed in a sterile container. There is no need to wash your child’s bottom before taking a test.

Treatment with oils for worms

Treatment of worms at home can be done using oils. This is the safest way. For example, if a child has pinworms in his intestines, then you need to take a piece of cotton wool, which you need to soak in any vegetable oil. This type of cotton wool is used to cover the child's anus. Do this before bed.

The fact is that female pinworms lay their eggs outside the intestines and do this exclusively at night. Thus, the parasites emerge from the anus and lay eggs in the groin area. The eggs will not be able to mature in the intestines, and therefore, if they are not allowed to be laid, then after fifty days all the worms will simply die, since they have a short life cycle.

In addition, there are many oils that have antiparasitic effects. The most effective are hemp and flaxseed oils. They should be taken orally, a teaspoon before meals. If a child refuses to accept the oil in its pure form, you can simply soak a small piece of bread in it and then give it to the baby.

How else to treat types of worms in children?

Symptoms

Not all helminths cause obvious clinical signs of disease in children. There are such individuals that stay in the human body for years and do not make themselves known. The impetus for their development is a decrease in the host’s immune defense. Thirty years ago, a theory arose among scientists that it was parasites that provoke serious somatic pathologies of internal systems and organs, including cancer processes. And to this day this opinion does not lose its relevance.

Almost each of us, and even a child, becomes an unwitting carrier of infections of various origins - bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic. Worms and protozoa live in the human body at its expense, feeding on products entering the digestive tract, as well as blood and epithelial cells. At the same time, helminths secrete toxins and poisons that clog the body and provoke unpleasant symptoms in the form of low-grade fever, weakness and other health problems.

Since there are many types of parasites, experts have identified a list of common clinical symptoms indicating the presence of invasion in the body. Let's look at them in more detail:

• changes in appetite both upward and downward, drooling, nausea, weight loss;
• allergic reactions of various forms;
• headaches, weakness, bowel disorders such as constipation and diarrhea, periodic discomfort in the right hypochondrium;
• brittle nails and hair, deterioration in the appearance of the skin caused by a chronic lack of vitamin B12;
• frequent infectious and inflammatory pathologies of the nasopharynx and intimate area.

Since helminthiasis causes a colossal amount of toxic compounds to enter the human blood, the child’s nervous system is seriously affected. This aspect manifests itself in the form of increased irritability, uncontrollable outbursts of aggression, sleep disorders, problems with perseverance and concentration. All of the above points are also in addition to the symptoms of helminthic infestations.

Take a test for worms

Symptoms of worm infection

Headache

Knowledge about the main manifestations of parasite infection is mandatory for all parents. The sooner a helminthic infection is detected, the less harm will be done to the child’s fragile body. The danger of helminthiasis should not be underestimated. There are a lot of symptoms of the presence of parasites in the body, and they depend on the type of helminth, but there are general manifestations of the presence of parasitic organisms in the child’s body. This may be several symptoms or a group:

• a sharp decrease in body weight;
• digestive disorders;
• alternating diarrhea and constipation;
• mood swings;
• salivation;
• nausea, vomiting;
• allergic manifestations;
• headache;
• coughing;
• deterioration in general health;
• anemia.

Different types of parasites have characteristic symptoms, and the presence of certain signs indicates a specific helminthiasis.

When infected with pinworms, there is itching in the anal area. It becomes especially painful during night sleep, as the parasite crawls out to lay eggs.

Enterobiasis is also characterized by the following symptoms:

• grinding teeth during sleep;
• bed-wetting;
• restless sleep;
• dysbacteriosis;
• attack of appendicitis;
• In girls, inflammation of the genitourinary system.

A sign of roundworm infection is the manifestation of various allergic reactions. These helminths secrete a large amount of toxins, which leads to increased sensitization of the body. Enlargement of the spleen and lymph nodes is often noted. Ascariasis is characterized by the following manifestations:

• bronchitis or asthmatic manifestations;
• hypotension;
• gas formation;
• bloating;
• pain in the navel area;
• photophobia;
• manifestations of epilepsy symptoms;
• decreased concentration;
• memory impairment.

Abdominal pain

Whipworms cause digestive disorders, asthenia, and developmental delays in the baby. Cat fluke provokes severe allergies and skin rashes. Body temperature reaches high levels, and there is a lack of nutrients. When any type of tapeworm is introduced into a child’s body, intestinal obstruction, anemia, and a pronounced white coating on the tongue are observed.

Read

Why the appearance of domestic parasites harms humans. And how to get rid of them?

The smaller the child, the harder it is to understand that he is sick, since the baby still cannot explain what is bothering him. Parents should be careful and not miss the symptoms of infection. If the baby’s behavior has changed, this should alert the parents: moodiness, poor restless sleep, changes in gastronomic habits, refusal of previously loved food. No less indicative manifestations are slow weight gain or lack thereof, bruises under the eyes and pale skin. If symptoms appear that indicate the presence of parasitic infestations, it is necessary to visit a pediatrician or parasitologist or infectious disease specialist.

Helminthiasis in infants: features of the disease

As a rule, parasites are detected in preschool children, starting from two years of age. In infants, this situation is rare, although such cases cannot be completely excluded. A baby becomes infected with parasites from about six months, when his diet includes the first complementary foods, potentially dangerous from the point of view of pathogenic microflora and helminths, or he begins to explore the world around him.

Infection in such a child is much more difficult to diagnose. Symptoms of the disease in a baby are the following, which are often confused with manifestations of other pathological processes:

• anxiety and poor sleep;
• hyperemia and swelling in the anus, and in girls near the external genitalia;
• digestive disorders: tendency to hold stool or, on the contrary, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps;
• weight loss, lack of appetite;
• pale and dry skin, blue under the eyes;
• allergic rashes on any part of the body, most often in the legs;
• low-grade fever of unknown origin;
• intermittent cough not related to respiratory infections.

All of the listed signs of helminthiasis in a child indicate various disorders. To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to submit the baby’s stool for an appropriate analysis.

It is much more difficult to cure the disease in infants than in older children. The fact is that most anthelmintic drugs are contraindicated for up to two years, and they also have serious side effects. For a fragile organism, such experiments can result in disastrous consequences. But what to do if a baby has a confirmed helminthic infestation?

Secondly, a parasitologist can actually prescribe drug therapy if the disease directly threatens the health of a small child. Deterioration of immune defense, general intoxication of the body and dysfunctional digestive disorders will not result in anything good for a growing baby, except for serious health problems. Sometimes helminthiasis threatens the life of an infant if parasites in large numbers affect internal organs and systems.

Traditional medicine cannot and should not be used in the treatment of infants under one year of age. This is due to the fact that despite the external harmlessness, all medicinal plants are highly toxic and can cause a toxic effect on the child’s body. It is also almost impossible to choose the dosage for the baby, so such treatment can cause more harm than good.

Causes

The baby is in close contact with mom and dad. The main cause of helminthic infestation is considered to be non-compliance with personal hygiene rules. This includes not only unwashed hands, but also poorly processed foods that children are given to eat. Pets are another danger. In close contact with an untreated animal, the risk of developing helminthiasis increases twofold. Parasites are found on the paws of animals, fur, and upon contact with children, the parasite eggs enter the baby’s body.

If a pregnant woman was infected with worms, then the risk that the fetus will be infected is high. The larvae are carried in the blood through the organs and reach children through the placental barrier. As a consequence: the baby is born with a helminthic infestation, so it is not surprising that worms appeared in a month-old baby. The most common routes of infection in a child are:

1. Contact with infected objects.
2. Playing outside.
3. Infected animal.
4. Eating poorly processed foods.
5. Babies put everything new and interesting into their mouths, so worms in a one-year-old child do not surprise doctors.

You may also be interested in: Can worms cause a cough?

Children under one year of age are also not protected from the risk of invasion, since they enjoy communicating with animals, tasting sand, and tasting new things. Doctors can diagnose pathology at an early stage. However, there are obvious clinical manifestations that indicate that uninvited guests have taken up residence in the body.

Children are unable to take care of personal hygiene. All responsibility rests with the parents. Whether infants can have worms depends on the adult.

Treatment of worms in children

Before selecting treatment, the pediatrician must diagnose the disease and determine what type of helminth is present in a particular case. To do this, it is recommended to test stool for eggs/larvae of worms more than once, but for 3 days in a row. Based on the data obtained, a set of indirect symptoms and the exclusion of other pathologies that cause a similar clinical picture, the child, and sometimes all family members, are prescribed anthelmintic therapy in order to avoid the formation of a focus of infection.

It means:

• preparation for the removal of parasites;
• treatment directly aimed at eliminating helminths;
• elimination of painful symptoms;
• restoration of the functioning of the immune system, gastrointestinal tract and other organs whose function has been impaired by worms.

As preparatory means, parasitologists, infectious disease specialists, pediatricians and other specialists who help cure helminthic infestations use vegetable oils such as flaxseed and pumpkin. They quickly bind all toxic substances that were formed as a result of the vital activity of helminths and remove them from the body. Enterosgel can be prescribed from pharmaceutical sorbents. It is harmless and non-toxic, and therefore is freely given to children even from the first month of life.

For the treatment of worms, drugs are selected taking into account the pathogen. Most often these are broad-spectrum medications. Eg:

• Decaris - tablets that cause paralysis of the muscles of roundworms, pinworms, whipworms and about 5 other types of helminths; The children's release form has a pleasant apricot smell and light orange color, which “interests” the child in taking the medicine.

• Pyrantel is a drug for the treatment of enterobiasis, trichuriasis, ascariasis, necatoriasis (caused by the necator worm) and hookworm disease (hookworms); effectiveness is achieved through neuromuscular blockade of parasites; Children are usually prescribed in the form of a cloudy yellow suspension.

• Vermox is a white or beige tablet product that is used for the treatment and prevention of infection by pinworms, roundworms and other ill-wishers; it is also often prescribed for mixed helminthiasis; It has a detrimental effect on worms by depleting the glycogen supply in their tissues.

Since symptoms and treatment are inseparable concepts in medicine, therapy is required to combat individual manifestations of the disease. For example, he may be prescribed antihistamines (Suprastin, Diazolin), mucolytics and bronchodilators (Bromhexine, Ambrobene, Mucaltin), antispasmodics (Papaverine), iron supplements (Irovit, Venofer - for anemia).

Medicines designed to maintain and restore natural microflora (Bifiform, Linex) will help treat gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by worms.

Milk thistle products (Geparsil, Darsil) will help normalize liver function. In order to increase immunity, children are prescribed multivitamin complexes (Alphabet, Vitrum Baby) and immunostimulants (Immunal, Transfer Factor Kids).

Surgical treatment is used extremely rarely, only in the following cases:

• prolonged spasm of the small intestine due to the presence of dead roundworm in it;
• blockage of the child’s bile ducts by worms;
• perforation of the intestinal wall by helminths; acute appendicitis caused by parasites clogging the appendix.

Worms in newborns and children under 1 year of age

Children suffer from helminth infestations more often than adults. The prevalence of the disease in the youngest is up to 1 year, it is rarely diagnosed. Worms in infants, the symptoms of which parents can often mistake for a general malaise, are decreased immunity and increased mental excitability.

You will be surprised how many parasites will come out if you drink a glass of regular...

Parasites will leave the body in 3 days! You just need to drink on an empty stomach...

Routes of infection

Often parents do not understand where worms come from in infants, if all children's things are washed and they carefully monitor the cleanliness of the house. Unreasonable tearfulness and frequent increases in temperature to 38, without obvious signs of any illness, should alert you. A common way of contracting worms in children under one year of age is through their presence in a nursing mother. An adult infected with parasites with a strong immune system may not have obvious symptoms of helminthiasis, but through close contact with an infant he can infect him.

Can a newborn have worms? This type of invasion is very rare. According to one version, helminthiasis can be transmitted to a child during intrauterine development, which is an erroneous opinion.

Considering the fact that a newborn is an infant up to 28 days old, infection with helminths is allowed from the first days of life if the parents do not follow hygiene rules. The source of infection becomes those closest to you - a nursing mother, helminthic family members, random guests. Worms in newborns begin to actively develop, feed on the vitamins entering the body, causing their deficiency, which causes enormous damage to the small organism.

The main diet of a 10-month-old baby consists of food prepared for adult family members. If meat/fish or vegetables/fruits have not undergone sufficient heat treatment, a parasite may enter the child's body. Worms may appear in a one-year-old child if:

• there is a pet in the house (cat/dog);
• as a result of a mosquito or flea bite;
• he drinks unboiled water.

At the age of about 1 year, the child begins to actively explore the world. A stage comes when all objects that fall into his hands must be examined through the mouth. This helps the parasite larvae penetrate the stomach and intestines, where there are all the optimal conditions for further life. Worms can appear in children under one year of age if there is an older infected child in the house who goes to school/kindergarten.

There are several main types of worms that are common in children 1 year of age and younger. These include helminths that live in the intestines - pinworms, roundworms, and very rarely whipworms. Children's bodies are sometimes affected by a protozoan parasite, Giardia.

Symptoms of infection

Signs of worms in an infant are similar to general malaise. Parents should be vigilant - sometimes parasites can be found in feces. The presence of worms in infants provokes a decrease in immunity. The child often suffers from colds, he develops a runny nose, which is difficult to cure, and there is a persistent decrease in appetite. In the youngest children who are breastfed, helminth infections interfere with the absorption of nutrients entering the body during lactation, which negatively affects weight gain.

Signs of worms in children:

• baseless capriciousness;
• unhealthy (restless) sleep;
• stool disorders - diarrhea/constipation;
• itching in the anus;
• pigment coating on the tongue;
• dark circles under the eyes;
• underweight;
• allergic rash - diathesis, dermatitis, neurodermatitis;
• anemia;
• attacks of hunger at night;
• pain in the umbilical area;
• lack of appetite;
• increase in body temperature.

Parents can easily mistake the symptoms of worms in a baby for any disease, but not for a parasitic infection. A small child cannot talk about attacks of nausea or headaches. Parents should immediately respond to the child’s alarming behavior - seek advice from a pediatrician, have stool and blood tested.

How to neutralize the parasite?

Pharmaceutical anthelmintic drugs for children are produced in the form of syrup. The difficulty in treating the youngest patients is that most antihelminthic medications are prescribed from the age of 2 years.

In order to successfully remove worms from an infant, first of all treatment it is necessary to establish an accurate diagnosis - to determine the type of parasite. Tests do not always show the presence of helminths in the body the first time, but an experienced pediatrician will be able to recognize the manifestation of infestation by the general condition of the child, or, if he deems it necessary, will prescribe additional examinations.

Treatment of worms in infants is carried out with drugs that include albendazole. Nemozol has the lowest toxicity and highest efficiency for removing worms from infants; it is produced in the form of a suspension. From 1 year of age, deworming is carried out with the drug Zentel; from 2 years of age, Vormil, Vermox and Pirantel can be used.

You can treat worms in a child one month old and older with Piperazine. This drug is also prescribed to women infected with helminths while breastfeeding.

The dose of anthelmintic medication and the dosage regimen must be calculated by a pediatrician/infectious disease specialist. The age, weight, general health of the child, the degree of worm damage, and their type are taken into account. Treatment of helminthiasis in infants can occur with additional correction - the prescription of probiotics and antihistamines. Usually a second course of reinfestation is carried out after 10-14 days.

Prevention of helminthic infestations

Treatment of childhood helminthiases should be accompanied by preventive measures. If a stool test reveals worms, all family members should take anthelmintic medications.

Rules that must be followed in a home where there is a baby to prevent the occurrence of helminthic infestation:

• Systematically carry out thorough wet cleaning using special products. To disinfect and wash objects/things, use laundry soap - it does not cause allergies in small children.
• If it’s summer outside, “fry” the children’s bedding and the mattress from the bed in the sun for several hours.
• Wash all children's clothes and bedding at the maximum permissible temperature, iron thoroughly.
• Once a week, wash toys and objects that the child comes into contact with with soap.
• After visiting public places with household members, before picking up the child, you need to change clothes and wash your hands.
• Trim your baby's nails regularly.
• Bathe your child every evening, wash your child every morning.

Even a month-old baby can get helminths. Very adverse consequences associated with the life of parasites can occur if the first signs of damage were ignored. It is the duty of parents to pay attention in time to the hidden symptoms of worms in an infant: increased moodiness, systematic rashes, lack of appetite and sound sleep. Timely assistance from a specialist will help not prolong the disease if it is confirmed. In the early stages, helminthiasis can be successfully treated at home and does not have a significant impact on the physical and psychological development of the infant.

Treatment with folk remedies

With the help of folk remedies you cannot completely get rid of parasites, but you can speed up the treatment process and boost your immunity. There are several recipes that are extremely useful for worms.

1. Pumpkin seeds. Pumpkin seeds have a negative effect on worms and promote their release, while improving digestion. A few hours before breakfast on an empty stomach you need to eat a small handful of seeds - this should be done every day until complete healing.
2. Garlic. Garlic essential oils have a detrimental effect on parasites, so it is recommended to eat it in case of helminthic infestations. It is enough to eat a few cloves with a bite of black bread before breakfast to notice the positive effect.

The best effect can be achieved by combining folk remedies and medications. It is also important to follow all the rules of personal hygiene, otherwise the disease will recur. In general, the prognosis for pinworms and roundworms is favorable: with proper treatment, these parasites go away fairly quickly.

It is possible to defeat parasites!

Antiparasitic Complex® - Reliable and safe removal of parasites in 21 days!

• The composition includes only natural ingredients;
• Does not cause side effects;
• Absolutely safe;
• Protects the liver, heart, lungs, stomach, skin from parasites;
• Removes waste products of parasites from the body.
• Effectively destroys most types of helminths in 21 days.

There is now a preferential program for free packaging. Read expert opinion.
Interesting to know:

Bibliography

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Brucellosis. Parasites. Link
• Corbel MJ Parasitic diseases // World Health Organization. Link
• Young EJ Best matches for intestinal parasites // Clinical Infectious Diseases. — 1995. Vol. 21. - P. 283-290. Link
• Yushchuk N.D., Vengerov Yu.A. Infectious diseases: textbook. — 2nd edition. - M.: Medicine, 2003. - 544 p.
• Prevalence of parasitic diseases among the population, 2009 / Kokolova L. M., Reshetnikov A. D., Platonov T. A., Verkhovtseva L. A.
• Helminths of domestic carnivores of the Voronezh region, 2011 / Nikulin P. I., Romashov B. V.

An article for patients with a doctor-diagnosed disease. Does not replace a doctor's appointment and cannot be used for self-diagnosis.

The best stories from our readers

Topic: Parasites are to blame for all troubles!

From: Lyudmila S. ()

To: Administration Noparasites.ru

Not long ago my health condition worsened. I began to feel constant fatigue, headaches, laziness and some kind of endless apathy appeared. Problems also appeared with the gastrointestinal tract: bloating, diarrhea, pain and bad breath.

I thought it was because of the hard work and hoped that it would go away on its own. But every day I felt worse. The doctors couldn’t really say anything either. Everything seems to be normal, but I feel like my body is not healthy.

I decided to go to a private clinic. Here I was advised, in addition to general tests, to get tested for parasites. So in one of the tests they found parasites in me. According to doctors, these were worms, which 90% of people have and almost everyone is infected, to a greater or lesser extent.

I was prescribed a course of antiparasitic medications. But it didn’t give me any results. A week later, a friend sent me a link to an article where some parasitologist shared real tips on fighting parasites. This article literally saved my life. I followed all the advice that was there and after a couple of days I felt much better!

Digestion improved, headaches went away and the vital energy that I so lacked appeared. To be sure, I took the tests again and no parasites were found!

Anyone who wants to cleanse their body of parasites, no matter what types of these creatures live in you, read this article, I’m 100% sure it will help you! Go to article>>>

Still have questions? Ask them in our Anonymous group on VK

How to get rid of parasites in a week. The answer is here!

A reliable and effective remedy for combating worms. Removes all parasites in 21 days.

Go to website

Reviews

Read online

Symptoms that 100% indicate parasites! Take the Test.

How to rid your body of life-threatening parasites before it’s too late!

Read more

Website

To get a consultation

The doctor tells how to quickly get rid of parasites for adults and children!

A parasitologist explains what effective methods exist to combat helminths.

More details

Read completely

Comments

Search for cures for parasites

This service is a small help in finding cures for parasites. To start using it, select the type of parasite. If you don’t know what kind of parasite you are infected with, this parasite identification tool will help you by symptoms.

We recommend reading

Migratory larva Larva migrans: Cutaneous form, prevention, treatment

1 week ago 02/24/202103/2/2021ecoliv94

A child grinds his teeth in his sleep: is it worms? And what other reasons are there?

01/29/202102/01/2021ecoliv94

Worms from sushi and rolls: can they appear and how not to get infected?

01/09/202111/01/2021ecoliv94

Worms on ultrasound: what worms look like in the abdominal cavity, liver on ultrasound

01/09/202111/01/2021ecoliv94